FINITE MATHEMATICS >PRINT UPGRADE<
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780357308615
Author: Tan
Publisher: CENGAGE L
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 8.4, Problem 18E
To determine
(a).
To find:
The value of
To determine
(b).
To find:
The value of
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Set up the partial fraction expansion of the function below. Do not explicitly solve
for the variables
5
x²(x − 2)(x − 3)³ (24 - 81)²
-
Evaluate the integral below:
(4w
(4w8) sec(4w) tan(4w) dw
Evaluate the integral
7
x²√22-16
dx
Chapter 8 Solutions
FINITE MATHEMATICS >PRINT UPGRADE<
Ch. 8.1 - What is a random variable? Give an example.Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2CQCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3CQCh. 8.1 - Three balls are selected at random without...Ch. 8.1 - 2.A coin is tossed four times. Let the random...Ch. 8.1 - A die is rolled repeatedly until a 6 falls...Ch. 8.1 - Cards are selected one at a time without...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 5ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 7E
Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 8ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 9ECh. 8.1 - In Exercises 7-12, give the range of values that...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 11ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 12ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 13ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 14ECh. 8.1 - In Exercises 13-16, determine whether the table...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 16ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 17ECh. 8.1 - In Exercises 17-18, find conditions on the numbers...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 19ECh. 8.1 - The probability distribution of the random...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 21ECh. 8.1 - EXAMS An examination consisting of ten...Ch. 8.1 - Two dice are rolled. Let the random variable X...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 24ECh. 8.1 - MONEY MARKET RATES The interest rates paid by 30...Ch. 8.1 - DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILIES BY SIZE The Public...Ch. 8.1 - WAITNG LINES The accompanying data were obtained...Ch. 8.1 - TELEVISION PILOTS After the private screening of a...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 29ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 30ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 31ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 32ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 33ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 34ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 35ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 36ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 1TECh. 8.1 - Prob. 2TECh. 8.1 - Prob. 3TECh. 8.1 - Prob. 4TECh. 8.1 - Prob. 5TECh. 8.1 - Prob. 6TECh. 8.1 - Prob. 7TECh. 8.1 - Prob. 8TECh. 8.1 - Prob. 9TECh. 8.1 - Prob. 10TECh. 8.2 - What is the expected value of a random variable?...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2CQCh. 8.2 - Prob. 3CQCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1ECh. 8.2 - Find the expected value of a random variable X...Ch. 8.2 - CALCULATING GPA During the first year at a...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 4ECh. 8.2 - EXPECTED SALES On the basis of past experience,...Ch. 8.2 - CAFETERIA MILK CONSUMPTION Records kept by the...Ch. 8.2 - EXPECTED EARNINGS The daily earnings X of an...Ch. 8.2 - EXPECTED NUMBER OF DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS If a sample...Ch. 8.2 - EXPECTED NUMBER OF AUTO ACCIDENTS The numbers of...Ch. 8.2 - EXPECTED DEMAND FOR MAGAZINES The owner of a...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 11ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 12ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 13ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 14ECh. 8.2 - EXPECTED VALUE OF A LOTTERY TICKET In a lottery,...Ch. 8.2 - LIFE INSURANCE PREMIUMS A man wishes to purchase a...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 17ECh. 8.2 - LIFE INSURANCE PREMIUMS As a fringe benefit,...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 19ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 20ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 21ECh. 8.2 - EXPECTED AUTO SALES OF A DEALERSHIP Roger Hunt...Ch. 8.2 - EXPECTED HOME SALES OF A REALTOR Sally Leonard, a...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 24ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 25ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 26ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 27ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 28ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 29ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 30ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 32ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 33ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 34ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 36ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 37ECh. 8.2 - ODDS OF MAKING A SALE Carmen, a computer sales...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 39ECh. 8.2 - ODDS OF WINNING A BOXING MATCH If a sports...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 41ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 42ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 43ECh. 8.2 - Wage Rates The frequency distribution of the...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 45ECh. 8.2 - SAN FRANCISCO WEATHER The normal daily minimum...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 47ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 48ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 49ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 50ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 51ECh. 8.2 - MINIMUM WAGE The minimum wage in the 13 states...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 53ECh. 8.2 - In Exercises 53 and 54, determine whether the...Ch. 8.3 - a. What is the variance of a random variable X? b....Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2CQCh. 8.3 - Prob. 1ECh. 8.3 - In Exercises 1-6, the probability distribution of...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 8.3 - In Exercises 9 and 10, find the variance of the...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 10ECh. 8.3 - An experiment consists of rolling an eight-sided...Ch. 8.3 - Happiness Score The happiness score, by...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 13ECh. 8.3 - INVESTMENT ANALYSIS Paul Hunt is considering two...Ch. 8.3 - INVESTMENT ANALYSIS Rosa Walters is considering...Ch. 8.3 - The distribution of the number of chocolate chips...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 17ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 18ECh. 8.3 - STUCK IN TRAFFIC The following table gives the...Ch. 8.3 - COST OF TAKING TIME OFF A survey was conducted of...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 21ECh. 8.3 - NEW YORK STATE COURTS' TOTAL CASELOAD The...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 23ECh. 8.3 - IDENTITY FRAUD The identity fraud rates in the...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 25ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 26ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 27ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 28ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 29ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 30ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 31ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 32ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 33ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 34ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 35ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 36ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 37ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 38ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 39ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 40ECh. 8.3 - A Probability distribution has mean of 42 and a...Ch. 8.3 - A Probability distribution has mean of 20 and a...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 43ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 44ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 45ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 46ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 47ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 48ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 49ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 50ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 1TECh. 8.3 - Prob. 2TECh. 8.3 - Prob. 3TECh. 8.3 - Prob. 4TECh. 8.3 - Prob. 5TECh. 8.3 - Prob. 6TECh. 8.3 - Prob. 7TECh. 8.3 - Prob. 8TECh. 8.4 - Suppose that you are given a Bernoulli experiment....Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2CQCh. 8.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 2ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 3ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 4ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 5ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 6ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 7ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 8ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 9ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 10ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 11ECh. 8.4 - In Exercises 1116, use the formula C(n,x)pxqnx to...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 13ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 14ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 15ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 16ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 17ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 18ECh. 8.4 - A binomial experiment consists of five independent...Ch. 8.4 - FAMILY COMPOSITION Let the random variable X...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 21ECh. 8.4 - SPORTS If the probability that a certain tennis...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 23ECh. 8.4 - VOTERS In a certain congressional district. it is...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 25ECh. 8.4 - AVAILABILITY OF CUSTOMER SERVTCE Mayco, a...Ch. 8.4 - RESTAURANT HEALTH CODE VIOLATIONS Suppose 30 of...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 28ECh. 8.4 - EXAMS A psychology quiz consists of ten...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 30ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 31ECh. 8.4 - MAKING FRIENDS In a survey of 2541 adults aged 18...Ch. 8.4 - EXAMS A biology quiz consists of eight...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 34ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 35ECh. 8.4 - CONSUMER PREFERENCES An advertisement for Brand A...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 37ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 38ECh. 8.4 - BLOOD PRESSURE A study conducted in 2012...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 40ECh. 8.4 - CREDIT SCORES In a survey of 1010 married adults,...Ch. 8.4 - WORKING WITH A SPOUSE In a survey of 1147 small...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 43ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 44ECh. 8.4 - ROBOT RELIABILITY An automobile manufacturing...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 46ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 47ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 48ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 49ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 50ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 51ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 52ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 53ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 54ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 55ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 56ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 57ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 58ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 59ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 60ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 61ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 62ECh. 8.5 - Consider the following normal curve with mean and...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 2CQCh. 8.5 - Prob. 1ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 2ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 3ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 4ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 5ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 6ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 7ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 9ECh. 8.5 - In Exercise 714, a make a sketch of the area under...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 11ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 12ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 13ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 14ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 15ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 16ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 17ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 18ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 19ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 20ECh. 8.6 - What does Theorem 1, page 532, allow us to do?Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 2CQCh. 8.6 - Medical Records The medical record of infant...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 2ECh. 8.6 - Prob. 3ECh. 8.6 - Prob. 4ECh. 8.6 - IQsThe IQs of students at Wilson Elementary School...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 6ECh. 8.6 - Prob. 7ECh. 8.6 - Prob. 8ECh. 8.6 - WARRANTIES The general manager of the service...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 10ECh. 8.6 - GRADE DISTRIBUTION The score on a sociology...Ch. 8.6 - HIGHWAY SPEEDS The speeds in miles per hour of...Ch. 8.6 - In Exercise 13-24, use the appropriate normal...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 14ECh. 8.6 - Prob. 15ECh. 8.6 - CHANCE OF MAKING A FREE THROW A basketball player...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 17ECh. 8.6 - TELEMARKETING Jorge sells magazine subscription...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 19ECh. 8.6 - Prob. 20ECh. 8.6 - Prob. 21ECh. 8.6 - Prob. 22ECh. 8.6 - CRUISE SHIP BOOKINGS Because of late...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 24ECh. 8.CRQ - Fill in the blanks. A rule that assigns a number...Ch. 8.CRQ - Prob. 2CRQCh. 8.CRQ - Prob. 3CRQCh. 8.CRQ - Prob. 4CRQCh. 8.CRQ - Prob. 5CRQCh. 8.CRQ - Prob. 6CRQCh. 8.CRQ - Fill in the blanks. A probability distribution...Ch. 8.CRQ - Prob. 8CRQCh. 8.CRE - Prob. 1CRECh. 8.CRE - LIFE INSURANCE POLICIES A man purchased a 25,000,...Ch. 8.CRE - Prob. 3CRECh. 8.CRE - Prob. 4CRECh. 8.CRE - In Exercises 5-8, let Z be the standard normal...Ch. 8.CRE - Prob. 6CRECh. 8.CRE - Prob. 7CRECh. 8.CRE - Prob. 8CRECh. 8.CRE - In Exercises 9-12, let Z be the standard normal...Ch. 8.CRE - Prob. 10CRECh. 8.CRE - Prob. 11CRECh. 8.CRE - Prob. 12CRECh. 8.CRE - Prob. 13CRECh. 8.CRE - Prob. 14CRECh. 8.CRE - Prob. 15CRECh. 8.CRE - Prob. 16CRECh. 8.CRE - DRIVING AGE REQUIREMENTS The minimum age...Ch. 8.CRE - Prob. 18CRECh. 8.CRE - TRAFFIC A traffic survey of the speed of the...Ch. 8.CRE - EXPECTED PROFIT A buyer for Discount Fashions, an...Ch. 8.CRE - BOWLING A STRIKE If the probability that a bowler...Ch. 8.CRE - HEIGHTS OF WOMEN The heights of 4000 women who...Ch. 8.CRE - Prob. 23CRECh. 8.CRE - NETFLIX REVENUE FROM STREAMING SUBSCRIBERS The...Ch. 8.CRE - Prob. 25CRECh. 8.CRE - Prob. 26CRECh. 8.CRE - Prob. 27CRECh. 8.CRE - Prob. 28CRECh. 8.CRE - Prob. 29CRECh. 8.CRE - ON-TIME ARRIVALS Diane, who commutes regularly...Ch. 8.CRE - Prob. 31CRECh. 8.CRE - Prob. 32CRECh. 8.BMO - Prob. 1BMOCh. 8.BMO - Prob. 2BMOCh. 8.BMO - Prob. 3BMOCh. 8.BMO - Prob. 4BMOCh. 8.BMO - Prob. 5BMOCh. 8.BMO - A fair coin is tossed 30 times. Using the...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, subject and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Question 2. An American option on a stock has payoff given by F = f(St) when it is exercised at time t. We know that the function f is convex. A person claims that because of convexity, it is optimal to exercise at expiration T. Do you agree with them?arrow_forwardQuestion 4. We consider a CRR model with So == 5 and up and down factors u = 1.03 and d = 0.96. We consider the interest rate r = 4% (over one period). Is this a suitable CRR model? (Explain your answer.)arrow_forwardQuestion 3. We want to price a put option with strike price K and expiration T. Two financial advisors estimate the parameters with two different statistical methods: they obtain the same return rate μ, the same volatility σ, but the first advisor has interest r₁ and the second advisor has interest rate r2 (r1>r2). They both use a CRR model with the same number of periods to price the option. Which advisor will get the larger price? (Explain your answer.)arrow_forward
- Question 5. We consider a put option with strike price K and expiration T. This option is priced using a 1-period CRR model. We consider r > 0, and σ > 0 very large. What is the approximate price of the option? In other words, what is the limit of the price of the option as σ∞. (Briefly justify your answer.)arrow_forwardQuestion 6. You collect daily data for the stock of a company Z over the past 4 months (i.e. 80 days) and calculate the log-returns (yk)/(-1. You want to build a CRR model for the evolution of the stock. The expected value and standard deviation of the log-returns are y = 0.06 and Sy 0.1. The money market interest rate is r = 0.04. Determine the risk-neutral probability of the model.arrow_forwardSeveral markets (Japan, Switzerland) introduced negative interest rates on their money market. In this problem, we will consider an annual interest rate r < 0. We consider a stock modeled by an N-period CRR model where each period is 1 year (At = 1) and the up and down factors are u and d. (a) We consider an American put option with strike price K and expiration T. Prove that if <0, the optimal strategy is to wait until expiration T to exercise.arrow_forward
- We consider an N-period CRR model where each period is 1 year (At = 1), the up factor is u = 0.1, the down factor is d = e−0.3 and r = 0. We remind you that in the CRR model, the stock price at time tn is modeled (under P) by Sta = So exp (μtn + σ√AtZn), where (Zn) is a simple symmetric random walk. (a) Find the parameters μ and σ for the CRR model described above. (b) Find P Ste So 55/50 € > 1). StN (c) Find lim P 804-N (d) Determine q. (You can use e- 1 x.) Ste (e) Find Q So (f) Find lim Q 004-N StN Soarrow_forwardIn this problem, we consider a 3-period stock market model with evolution given in Fig. 1 below. Each period corresponds to one year. The interest rate is r = 0%. 16 22 28 12 16 12 8 4 2 time Figure 1: Stock evolution for Problem 1. (a) A colleague notices that in the model above, a movement up-down leads to the same value as a movement down-up. He concludes that the model is a CRR model. Is your colleague correct? (Explain your answer.) (b) We consider a European put with strike price K = 10 and expiration T = 3 years. Find the price of this option at time 0. Provide the replicating portfolio for the first period. (c) In addition to the call above, we also consider a European call with strike price K = 10 and expiration T = 3 years. Which one has the highest price? (It is not necessary to provide the price of the call.) (d) We now assume a yearly interest rate r = 25%. We consider a Bermudan put option with strike price K = 10. It works like a standard put, but you can exercise it…arrow_forwardIn this problem, we consider a 2-period stock market model with evolution given in Fig. 1 below. Each period corresponds to one year (At = 1). The yearly interest rate is r = 1/3 = 33%. This model is a CRR model. 25 15 9 10 6 4 time Figure 1: Stock evolution for Problem 1. (a) Find the values of up and down factors u and d, and the risk-neutral probability q. (b) We consider a European put with strike price K the price of this option at time 0. == 16 and expiration T = 2 years. Find (c) Provide the number of shares of stock that the replicating portfolio contains at each pos- sible position. (d) You find this option available on the market for $2. What do you do? (Short answer.) (e) We consider an American put with strike price K = 16 and expiration T = 2 years. Find the price of this option at time 0 and describe the optimal exercising strategy. (f) We consider an American call with strike price K ○ = 16 and expiration T = 2 years. Find the price of this option at time 0 and describe…arrow_forward
- No chatgpt pls will upvote Alreadyarrow_forwardFind the LaPla se trnsofrom of a) chi-square Distribution. b) Normal Distribution. C) Gamma Distribution. prove that Binomial (n, 2) Poisson (2) *********************arrow_forward2.2, 13.2-13.3) question: 5 point(s) possible ubmit test The accompanying table contains the data for the amounts (in oz) in cans of a certain soda. The cans are labeled to indicate that the contents are 20 oz of soda. Use the sign test and 0.05 significance level to test the claim that cans of this soda are filled so that the median amount is 20 oz. If the median is not 20 oz, are consumers being cheated? Click the icon to view the data. What are the null and alternative hypotheses? OA. Ho: Medi More Info H₁: Medi OC. Ho: Medi H₁: Medi Volume (in ounces) 20.3 20.1 20.4 Find the test stat 20.1 20.5 20.1 20.1 19.9 20.1 Test statistic = 20.2 20.3 20.3 20.1 20.4 20.5 Find the P-value 19.7 20.2 20.4 20.1 20.2 20.2 P-value= (R 19.9 20.1 20.5 20.4 20.1 20.4 Determine the p 20.1 20.3 20.4 20.2 20.3 20.4 Since the P-valu 19.9 20.2 19.9 Print Done 20 oz 20 oz 20 oz 20 oz ce that the consumers are being cheated.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
College AlgebraAlgebraISBN:9781305115545Author:James Stewart, Lothar Redlin, Saleem WatsonPublisher:Cengage Learning
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
College Algebra (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305652231Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff HughesPublisher:Cengage Learning
Algebra & Trigonometry with Analytic GeometryAlgebraISBN:9781133382119Author:SwokowskiPublisher:Cengage
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
College Algebra
Algebra
ISBN:9781305115545
Author:James Stewart, Lothar Redlin, Saleem Watson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...
Algebra
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
College Algebra (MindTap Course List)
Algebra
ISBN:9781305652231
Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff Hughes
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Algebra & Trigonometry with Analytic Geometry
Algebra
ISBN:9781133382119
Author:Swokowski
Publisher:Cengage
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Mod-01 Lec-01 Discrete probability distributions (Part 1); Author: nptelhrd;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6x1pL9Yov1k;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Discrete Probability Distributions; Author: Learn Something;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9U4UelWLFs;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Probability Distribution Functions (PMF, PDF, CDF); Author: zedstatistics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXLVjCKVP7U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Discrete Distributions: Binomial, Poisson and Hypergeometric | Statistics for Data Science; Author: Dr. Bharatendra Rai;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHhyy4JMigg;License: Standard Youtube License