Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8.3, Problem 1QC
What are the features of a synchondrosis?
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Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
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8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
There is currently a H5N1 cattle outbreak in North America.
According to the CDC on Feb 26*: "A multistate outbreak of HPAI A(H5N1) bird flu in dairy cows was first reported on March 25, 2024. This is the first time that these bird flu viruses had been found in cows. In the United States, since 2022, USDA has reported HPAI A(H5N1) virus detections in more than 200 mammals."
List and describe two mechanisms that could lead to this H5N1 influenza strain evolving to spread in human:
Mechanisms 1:
Mechanisms 2:
For the mutations to results in a human epidered they would need to change how the virus interacts with the human host. In the case of mutations that may promote an epidemic, provide an example for:
a protein that might incur a mutation:
how the mutation would change interactions with cells in the respiratory tract (name the receptor on human cells)
List two phenotypic consequence from this mutation that would increase human risk
Chapter 8 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 8.1 - 2. How are joints classified functionally?
Ch. 8.1 - How are joints classified structurally?Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 1QCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2QCCh. 8.2 - 3. What is a syndesmosis? Where are syndesmoses...Ch. 8.3 - What are the features of a synchondrosis?Ch. 8.3 - 2. Where is the pubic symphysis located? (p. 247)
Ch. 8.3 - Describe the general features of a symphsis.Ch. 8.3 - What are two examples of symphyses?Ch. 8.4 - What are the layers of the articular capsule, and...
Ch. 8.4 - What functions are served by synovial fluid?Ch. 8.4 - 3. Which type of cartilage makes up articular...Ch. 8.4 - 4. Why do synovial joints require stabilization?
Ch. 8.4 - 5. What are the basic structural and functional...Ch. 8.4 - What is osteoarthritis, and in what age group...Ch. 8.5 - Compare and contrast: gliding and angular motions,...Ch. 8.6 - 1. Compare the six structural classes of synovial...Ch. 8.6 - Which type of synovial joint has the greatest...Ch. 8.6 - 3. What two joints form the elbow joint?
Ch. 8.6 - Describe four ligaments that stabilize the knee...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 5QCCh. 8.6 - What features increase the stability of the...Ch. 8.6 - Which bones articulate to form the hip joint?Ch. 8.6 - 8. Why is the shoulder joint less stable than the...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a function of...Ch. 8 - 2. Which functional joint class includes freely...Ch. 8 - Identify each of the following joints as synovial,...Ch. 8 - In general, when mobility of a joint _____, its...Ch. 8 - 5. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 8 - Fill in the blanks: The articulating ends of bones...Ch. 8 - 7. What is/are the function(s) of synovial...Ch. 8 - 8. Which of the following correctly describes the...Ch. 8 - Bone movement at a joint is described around an...Ch. 8 - Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 8 - Define each of the following movements or movement...Ch. 8 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 8 - 13. Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 8 - The structure that stabilizes the shoulder joint...Ch. 8 - 15. Which factors contribute to the stability of...Ch. 8 - 1. Explain how the structure of each of the...Ch. 8 - 2. The primary action of the biceps brachii...Ch. 8 - Some individuals have an abnormally small and...Ch. 8 - 1. Some health practitioners claim that the...Ch. 8 - 2. Lauren has hurt her knee playing soccer. She...Ch. 8 - When articular cartilage is damaged, often...
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