Calculus: Early Transcendentals
Calculus: Early Transcendentals
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781285741550
Author: James Stewart
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8.1, Problem 42E

The Gateway Arch in St. Louis (see the photo on page 543) was constructed using the equation

y = 211.49 − 20.96   cosh 0.03291765 x

for the central curve of the arch, where x and y are measured in meters and |x| ≤ 91.20. Set up an integral for the length of the arch and use your calculator to estimate the length correct to the nearest meter.

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1. Abel's Theorem. The goal in this problem is to prove Abel's theorem by following a series of steps (each step must be justified). Theorem 0.1 (Abel's Theorem). If y1 and y2 are solutions of the differential equation y" + p(t) y′ + q(t) y = 0, where p and q are continuous on an open interval, then the Wronskian is given by W (¥1, v2)(t) = c exp(− [p(t) dt), where C is a constant that does not depend on t. Moreover, either W (y1, y2)(t) = 0 for every t in I or W (y1, y2)(t) = 0 for every t in I. 1. (a) From the two equations (which follow from the hypotheses), show that y" + p(t) y₁ + q(t) y₁ = 0 and y½ + p(t) y2 + q(t) y2 = 0, 2. (b) Observe that Hence, conclude that (YY2 - Y1 y2) + P(t) (y₁ Y2 - Y1 Y2) = 0. W'(y1, y2)(t) = yY2 - Y1 y2- W' + p(t) W = 0. 3. (c) Use the result from the previous step to complete the proof of the theorem.
2. Observations on the Wronskian. Suppose the functions y₁ and y2 are solutions to the differential equation p(x)y" + q(x)y' + r(x) y = 0 on an open interval I. 1. (a) Prove that if y₁ and y2 both vanish at the same point in I, then y₁ and y2 cannot form a fundamental set of solutions. 2. (b) Prove that if y₁ and y2 both attain a maximum or minimum at the same point in I, then y₁ and Y2 cannot form a fundamental set of solutions. 3. (c) show that the functions & and t² are linearly independent on the interval (−1, 1). Verify that both are solutions to the differential equation t² y″ – 2ty' + 2y = 0. Then justify why this does not contradict Abel's theorem. 4. (d) What can you conclude about the possibility that t and t² are solutions to the differential equation y" + q(x) y′ + r(x)y = 0?
Question 4 Find an equation of (a) The plane through the point (2, 0, 1) and perpendicular to the line x = y=2-t, z=3+4t. 3t, (b) The plane through the point (3, −2, 8) and parallel to the plane z = x+y. (c) The plane that contains the line x = 1+t, y = 2 − t, z = 4 - 3t and is parallel to the plane 5x + 2y + z = 1. (d) The plane that passes through the point (1,2,3) and contains the line x = 3t, y = 1+t, and z = 2-t. (e) The plane that contains the lines L₁: x = 1 + t, y = 1 − t, z = 2t and L2 : x = 2 − s, y = s, z = 2.

Chapter 8 Solutions

Calculus: Early Transcendentals

Ch. 8.1 - Use the arc length formula (3) to find the length...Ch. 8.1 - Use the arc length formula to find the length of...Ch. 8.1 - Set up an integral that represents the length of...Ch. 8.1 - Set up an integral that represents the length of...Ch. 8.1 - Set up an integral that represents the length of...Ch. 8.1 - Set up an integral that represents the length of...Ch. 8.1 - Set up an integral that represents the length of...Ch. 8.1 - Set up an integral that represents the length of...Ch. 8.1 - Find the exact length of the curve. 9. y = 1 +...Ch. 8.1 - Find the exact length of the curve. 10. 36y2 = (x2...
Ch. 8.1 - Find the exact length of the curve. 11....Ch. 8.1 - Find the exact length of the curve. 12....Ch. 8.1 - Find the exact length of the curve. 13....Ch. 8.1 - Find the exact length of the curve. 14. y = ln(cos...Ch. 8.1 - Find the exact length of the curve. 15. y = ln(sec...Ch. 8.1 - Find the exact length of the curve. 16....Ch. 8.1 - Find the exact length of the curve. 17....Ch. 8.1 - Find the exact length of the curve. 18....Ch. 8.1 - Find the exact length of the curve. 19....Ch. 8.1 - Find the exact length of the curve. 20. y = 1 ex,...Ch. 8.1 - Find the length of the arc of the curve from point...Ch. 8.1 - Find the length of the arc of the curve from point...Ch. 8.1 - Graph the curve and visually estimate its length....Ch. 8.1 - Graph the curve and visually estimate its length....Ch. 8.1 - Use Simpsons Rule with n = 10 to estimate the arc...Ch. 8.1 - Use Simpsons Rule with n = 10 to estimate the arc...Ch. 8.1 - Use Simpsons Rule with n = 10 to estimate the arc...Ch. 8.1 - Use Simpsons Rule with n = 10 to estimate the arc...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 29ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 30ECh. 8.1 - Sketch the curve with equation x2/3 + y2/3 = 1 and...Ch. 8.1 - (a) Sketch the curve y3 = x2. (b) Use Formulas 3...Ch. 8.1 - Find the arc length function for the curve y =...Ch. 8.1 - (a) Find the arc length function for the curve y =...Ch. 8.1 - Find the arc length function for the curve...Ch. 8.1 - The arc length function for a curve y = f(x),...Ch. 8.1 - For the function f(x)=14ex+ex, prove that the arc...Ch. 8.1 - A steady wind blows a kite due west. The kites...Ch. 8.1 - A hawk flying at 15m/s at an altitude of 180 m...Ch. 8.1 - The Gateway Arch in St. Louis (see the photo on...Ch. 8.1 - A manufacturer of corrugated metal roofing wants...Ch. 8.1 - (a) The figure shows a telephone wire hanging...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 45ECh. 8.1 - The curves with equations xn + yn = 1, n = 4, 6,...Ch. 8.2 - (a) Set up an integral for the area of the surface...Ch. 8.2 - (a) Set up an integral for the area of the surface...Ch. 8.2 - (a) Set up an integral for the area of the surface...Ch. 8.2 - (a) Set up an integral for the area of the surface...Ch. 8.2 - (a) Set up an integral for the area of the surface...Ch. 8.2 - (a) Set up an integral for the area of the surface...Ch. 8.2 - Find the exact area of the surface obtained by...Ch. 8.2 - Find the exact area of the surface obtained by...Ch. 8.2 - Find the exact area of the surface obtained by...Ch. 8.2 - Find the exact area of the surface obtained by...Ch. 8.2 - Find the exact area of the surface obtained by...Ch. 8.2 - Find the exact area of the surface obtained by...Ch. 8.2 - Find the exact area of the surface obtained by...Ch. 8.2 - Find the exact area of the surface obtained by...Ch. 8.2 - The given curve is rotated about the y-axis. Find...Ch. 8.2 - The given curve is rotated about the y-axis. Find...Ch. 8.2 - The given curve is rotated about the y-axis. Find...Ch. 8.2 - The given curve is rotated about the y-axis. Find...Ch. 8.2 - Use Simpsons Rule with n = 10 to approximate the...Ch. 8.2 - Use Simpsons Rule with n = 10 to approximate the...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 21ECh. 8.2 - Use Simpsons Rule with n = 10 to approximate the...Ch. 8.2 - Use either a CAS or a table of integrals to find...Ch. 8.2 - Use either a CAS or a table of integrals to find...Ch. 8.2 - If the region = {(x, y) | x 1, 0 y 1/x} is...Ch. 8.2 - If the infinite curve y = ex, x 0, is rotated...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 29ECh. 8.2 - A group of engineers is building a parabolic...Ch. 8.2 - (a) The ellipse x2a2+y2b2=1ab is rotated about the...Ch. 8.2 - Find the surface area of the torus in Exercise...Ch. 8.2 - If the curve y = f(x), a x b, is rotated about...Ch. 8.2 - Find the area of the surface obtained by rotating...Ch. 8.2 - (a) Show that the surface area of a zone of a...Ch. 8.2 - Show that if we rotate the curve y = ex/2 + e x/2...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 38ECh. 8.2 - Formula 4 is valid only when f(x) 0. Show that...Ch. 8.3 - An aquarium 5 ft long, 2 ft wide, and 3 ft deep is...Ch. 8.3 - A tank is 8 m long, 4 m wide, 2 m high, and...Ch. 8.3 - A vertical plate is submerged (or partially...Ch. 8.3 - A vertical plate is submerged (or partially...Ch. 8.3 - A vertical plate is submerged (or partially...Ch. 8.3 - A vertical plate is submerged (or partially...Ch. 8.3 - A vertical plate is submerged (or partially...Ch. 8.3 - A vertical plate is submerged (or partially...Ch. 8.3 - A vertical plate is submerged (or partially...Ch. 8.3 - A vertical plate is submerged (or partially...Ch. 8.3 - A vertical plate is submerged (or partially...Ch. 8.3 - A milk truck carries milk with density 64.6 lb/ft3...Ch. 8.3 - A trough is filled with a liquid of density 840...Ch. 8.3 - A vertical dam has a semicircular gate as shown in...Ch. 8.3 - A cube with 20-cm-long sides is sitting on the...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 16ECh. 8.3 - A swimming pool is 20 ft wide and 40 ft long and...Ch. 8.3 - Suppose that a plate is immersed vertically in a...Ch. 8.3 - A metal plate was found submerged vertically in...Ch. 8.3 - (a) Use the formula of Exercise 18 to show that...Ch. 8.3 - Point-masses mi arc located on the x-axis as...Ch. 8.3 - Point-masses mi arc located on the x-axis as...Ch. 8.3 - The masses mi, are located at the points Pi. Find...Ch. 8.3 - The masses mi, are located at the points Pi. Find...Ch. 8.3 - Sketch the region bounded by the curves, and...Ch. 8.3 - Sketch the region bounded by the curves, and...Ch. 8.3 - Sketch the region bounded by the curves, and...Ch. 8.3 - Sketch the region bounded by the curves, and...Ch. 8.3 - Find the centroid of the region bounded by the...Ch. 8.3 - Find the centroid of the region bounded by the...Ch. 8.3 - Find the centroid of the region bounded by the...Ch. 8.3 - Find the centroid of the region bounded by the...Ch. 8.3 - Find the centroid of the region bounded by the...Ch. 8.3 - Calculate the moments Mx and My and the center of...Ch. 8.3 - Calculate the moments Mx and My and the center of...Ch. 8.3 - Use Simpsons Rule to estimate the centroid of the...Ch. 8.3 - Find the centroid of the region bounded by the...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 38ECh. 8.3 - Prove that the centroid of any triangle is located...Ch. 8.3 - Find the centroid of the region shown, not by...Ch. 8.3 - Find the centroid of the region shown, not by...Ch. 8.3 - A rectangle with sides a and b is divided into...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 43ECh. 8.3 - Use the Theorem of Pappus to find the volume of...Ch. 8.3 - Use the Theorem of Pappus to find the volume of...Ch. 8.3 - Use the Theorem of Pappus to find the volume of...Ch. 8.3 - The centroid of a curve can be found by a process...Ch. 8.3 - The Second Theorem of Pappus is in the same spirit...Ch. 8.3 - Use the Second Theorem of Pappus described in...Ch. 8.3 - Let be the region that lies between the curves...Ch. 8.3 - Prove Formulas 9.Ch. 8.4 - The marginal cost function C(x) was defined to be...Ch. 8.4 - A company estimates that the marginal revenue (in...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 3ECh. 8.4 - The demand function for a particular vacation...Ch. 8.4 - A demand curve is given by p = 450/(x + 8). Find...Ch. 8.4 - The supply function ps(x) for a commodity gives...Ch. 8.4 - If a supply curve is modeled by the equation p =...Ch. 8.4 - In a purely competitive market, the price of a...Ch. 8.4 - The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus...Ch. 8.4 - A camera company estimates that the demand...Ch. 8.4 - A company modeled the demand curve for its product...Ch. 8.4 - A movie theater has been charging 10.00 per...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 13ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 14ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 15ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 16ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 17ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 18ECh. 8.4 - Use Poiseuilles Law to calculate the rate of flow...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 20ECh. 8.4 - The dye dilution method is used to measure cardiac...Ch. 8.4 - After a 5.5-mg injection of dye, the readings of...Ch. 8.4 - The graph of the concentration function c(t) is...Ch. 8.5 - Let f(x) be the probability density function for...Ch. 8.5 - Let f(t) be the probability density function for...Ch. 8.5 - Let .f(x) = 30x2(1 x)2 for 0 x 1 and f(x) = 0...Ch. 8.5 - The density function f(x)=e3x(1+e3x)2 is an...Ch. 8.5 - Let f(x) = c/(1 + x2). (a) For what value of c is...Ch. 8.5 - Let f(x) = k(3x x2) if 0 x 3 and f(x) = 0 if x ...Ch. 8.5 - A spinner from a board game randomly indicates a...Ch. 8.5 - (a) Explain why the function whose graph is shown...Ch. 8.5 - Show that the median waiting time for a phone call...Ch. 8.5 - (a) A type of light bulb is labeled as having an...Ch. 8.5 - An online retailer has determined that the average...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 12ECh. 8.5 - REM sleep is the phase of sleep when most active...Ch. 8.5 - According to the National Health Survey, the...Ch. 8.5 - The Garbage Project at the University of Arizona...Ch. 8.5 - Boxes are labeled as containing 500 g of cereal....Ch. 8.5 - The speeds of vehicles on a highway with speed...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 18ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 19ECh. 8.5 - Prob. 20ECh. 8.5 - The hydrogen atom is composed of one proton in the...Ch. 8 - (a) How is the length of a curve defined? (b)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2RCCCh. 8 - Describe how we can find the hydrostatic force...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4RCCCh. 8 - Prob. 5RCCCh. 8 - Prob. 6RCCCh. 8 - Prob. 7RCCCh. 8 - Prob. 8RCCCh. 8 - Prob. 9RCCCh. 8 - Prob. 10RCCCh. 8 - Find the length of the curve. y = 4(x 1)3/2, 1 x...Ch. 8 - Find the length of the curve. y=2ln(sin12x),/3xCh. 8 - Find the length of the curve. 12x = 4y3 + 3y1, 1 ...Ch. 8 - (a) Find the length of the curve y=x416+12x21x2...Ch. 8 - Prob. 5RECh. 8 - (a) The curve y = x2, 0 x 1, is rotated about...Ch. 8 - Use Simpson's Rule with n = 10 to estimate the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8RECh. 8 - Find the length of the curve y=1xt1dt1x16Ch. 8 - Prob. 10RECh. 8 - A gate in an irrigation canal is constructed in...Ch. 8 - A trough is filled with water and its vertical...Ch. 8 - Find the centroid of the region shown.Ch. 8 - Find the centroid of the region shown.Ch. 8 - Find the centroid of the region bounded by the...Ch. 8 - Find the centroid of the region bounded by the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 17RECh. 8 - Use the Theorem of Pappus and the fact that the...Ch. 8 - The demand function for a commodity is given by p...Ch. 8 - After a 6-mg injection of dye into a heart, the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21RECh. 8 - Prob. 22RECh. 8 - Prob. 23RECh. 8 - Prob. 1PCh. 8 - Find the centroid of the region enclosed by the...Ch. 8 - If a sphere of radius r is sliced by a plane whose...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4PCh. 8 - Prob. 5PCh. 8 - The figure shows a semicircle with radius 1,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7PCh. 8 - Consider a flat metal plate to be placed...Ch. 8 - A uniform disk with radius 1 m is to be cut by a...Ch. 8 - A triangle with area 30 cm2 is cut from a corner...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11PCh. 8 - If the needle in Problem 11 has length h L, its...Ch. 8 - Find the centroid of the region enclosed by the...
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