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Interpreting Power Chantix (varenicline) tablets are used as an aid to help people stop smoking. In a clinical trial, 129 subjects were treated with Chantix twice a day for 12 weeks, and 16 subjects experienced abdominal pain (based on data from Pfizer, Inc.). If someone claims that more than 8% of Chantix users experience abdominal pain, that claim is supported with a hypothesis test conducted with a 0.05 significance level. Using 0.18 as an alternative value of p, the power of the test is 0.96. Interpret this value of the power of the test.
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- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardWhat is meant by the sample space of an experiment?arrow_forwardA study is designed to test whether there is a difference in mean daily calcium intake in adults with normal bone density, adults with osteopenia (a low bone density which may lead to osteoporosis) and adults with osteoporosis. Adults 60 years of age with normal bone density, osteopenia and osteoporosis are selected at random from hospital records and invited to participate in the study. Each participant's daily calcium intake is measured based on reported food intake and supplements. The data are shown below. Is there a statistically significant difference in mean calcium intake in patients with normal bone density as compared to patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis?arrow_forward
- Labor Day was created by the U.S. labor movement over 100 years ago. It was subsequently adopted by most states as an official holiday. In a poll by Gallup, 1000 randomly selected adults were asked whether they approve of labor unions; 650 said yes. In 1936, about 72% of Americans approved of labor unions. At a 5% level of significance, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the percentage of Americans who approve of labor unions now has decreased since 1936? Solve using the critical-value approach. a. Define the parameter we are testing and setup a hypothesis test to see if less than 72% of Americans approve of labor unions currently. b. Calculate the test statistics for this hypothesis test. c. What is the critical value for this hypothesis test?arrow_forwardIn 2016, the US poverty rate was 12.7%. During that year, 375 families where randomly selected in Hawaii. Out of them, 23 were found to be living below the poverty line. At a level of significance of a = 0.01, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that, in 2016, the percentage of families below the poverty line was lower in Hawaii than among all US families? a. For this study, we should use Select an answer b. The null and alternative hypotheses would be: Ho: ? v Select an answer v (please enter a decimal) H ?v Select an answer v (Please enter a decimal) C. The test statistic | ? ♥ |(please show your answer to 3 decimal places.) d. The p-value = (Please show your answer to 4 decimal places.) e. The p-value is[? v a f. Based on this, we should i reject v the null hypothesis. g. Thus, the final conclusion is that .. O The data suggest the population proportion is not significantly lower than 12.7% at a = 0.01, so there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the…arrow_forwardIn a clinical trial of a drug intended to help people stop smoking, 125 subjects were treated with the drug for 12 weeks, and 14 subjects experienced abdominal pain. If someone claims that more than 8% of the drug's users experience abdominal pain, that claim is supported with a hypothesis test conducted with a 0.05 significance level. Using 0.17 as an alternative value of p, the power of the test is 0.95. Interpret this value of the power of the test. The power of 0.95 shows that there is a % chance of rejecting the hypothesis of p = when the true proportion is actually That is, if the proportion of users who experience abdominal pain is actually then there is a % chance of supporting the claim that the proportion of than 0.08. users who experience abdominal pain is (Type integers or decimals. Do not round.)arrow_forward
- A relative risk of 5.67 indicates that the group of individuals in a study exposed to the particular variable of interest are 5.67 times more likely to experience the observed outcome being studied. True or Falsearrow_forwardStudies have suggested that alcohol abuse and disorders are found to be more prevalent during early adulthood than in any other age group, with about 9% of young adults (age 18 to 29 years) meeting the criteria to be labeled as alcoholic. In addition, surveys have shown that college students tend to drink more than their peers who do not attend college. You want to test to see if there are differences in excessive alcohol use in young adults that attend college versus those who do not, so you surveyed 405 young adults, age 19 to 22, about their alcohol use by asking the question, "Have you consumed alcohol to the point of intoxication at least once within the past month?" with the following results. Young Adults Attending College Young Adults Not Attending College n1 = 255 n2 = 150 y1 = 96 said "yes" y2 = 44 said "yes" p̂1 = 96 255 p̂2 = 44 150 (a) Calculate the test statistic. (Round your answer to two decimal places.) (b) If H0:…arrow_forwardResearchers were interested in determining whether gender and/or the number of tours soldiers served affected the incidence of PTSD. The PTSD impact instrument was used and scores were recorded upon discharge. State the null and alternative hypotheses. Include both interaction and main effect hypotheses (should be 3 null and 3 alternate hypotheses).arrow_forward
- In a clinical trial of a drug intended to help people stop smoking, 131 subjects were treated with the drug for 13 weeks, and 13 subjects experienced abdominal pain. If someone claims that more than 8% of the drug's users experience abdominal pain, that claim is supported with a hypothesis test conducted with a 0.05 significance level. Using 0.18 as an alternative value of p, the power of the test is 0.96. Interpret this value of the power of the test.arrow_forwardA researcher wishes to determine if violent television shows increase the tendency of young children to exhibit physical aggression. They have three video shows at their disposal – a cartoon with a high level of physical violence, an episode of Barney, a television show promoting understanding with little or no physical violence or aggression, and a ‘neutral’ show on how corn is grown. Design an experiment to address the researcher’s question using a repeated-measures ANOVA approach.arrow_forwardAccording to a recent study, 15% of adults who take a certain medication experience side effects. To further investigate this finding, a researcher selects a separate random sample of 150 adults, of which 32 experience side effects. The researcher would like to determine if there is convincing statistical evidence that the true proportion of adults who would experience side effects from this medication is greater than 0.15 using a significance level of α = 0.05. Complete the "Do” and "Conclude” steps using the z-table. Which statements are true? Check all that apply.arrow_forward
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw HillCollege Algebra (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305652231Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff HughesPublisher:Cengage Learning