Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Chapter 8.1, Problem 1CC
Retrieve, Infer, Apply
1. Define the following terms: sterilization, sterilant, disinfection, disinfectant, sanitization, antisepsis, antiseptic, chemotherapy, biocide.
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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine:
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
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2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0
Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…
The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 8.1 - MICRO INQUIRY Which types of agents can be used...Ch. 8.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 1. Define the following...Ch. 8.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 2. What is the difference...Ch. 8.2 - MICRO INQUIRY Examine graph (a). How long would it...Ch. 8.3 - MICRO INQUIRY How might one verify that filtration...Ch. 8.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 1. What are depth filters...Ch. 8.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 2. Describe the operation...Ch. 8.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 1. Describe how an...Ch. 8.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 2. In the past, spoiled...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 3CC
Ch. 8.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 2. What is the correlation...Ch. 8.5 - MICRO INQUIRY Why is it important that all of...Ch. 8.5 - MICRO INQUIRY Why are cross-linking agents such as...Ch. 8.5 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 1. Why are most...Ch. 8.5 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Construct a table that...Ch. 8.5 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 3. Which disinfectants or...Ch. 8.5 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 4. How do phenolic agents...Ch. 8.5 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 5. Which physical or...Ch. 8.6 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 1. Briefly explain how the...Ch. 8.6 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply How does being in a biofilm...Ch. 8.6 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Suppose hospital custodians...Ch. 8.6 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Briefly describe the phenol...Ch. 8.6 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Why might it be necessary...Ch. 8.7 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply How would you explain to a...Ch. 8.7 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Propose the use of specific...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1RCCh. 8 - Throughout history, spices have been used as...Ch. 8 - Design an experiment to determine whether an...Ch. 8 - Suppose you tested the effectiveness of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4AL
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