Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Comparison of ratio of atoms or ions in 3p states and in ground state of Na atom and Mg+ is to be done when there is a natural gas air flame of temperature 1800 K.
Concept introduction:
Boltzmann equation is used for the calculation of the ratio. This equation tells that how much an atom or ion is populated as a function of temperature. This equation is given as-
And the calculation of energy of atom and ion is done by the following formula-
Where,
h= Planck’s constant
c = light velocity
λ= wavelength
Ej= energy difference of excited state and ground state
(b)
Interpretation:
Comparison of ratio of atoms or ions in 3p states and in ground state of Na atom and Mg+ is to be done when there is a hydrogen - oxygen flame of 2950K.
Concept introduction:
Boltzmann equation is used for the calculation of the ratio. This equation tells that how much an atom or ion is populated as a function of temperature. This equation is given as-
And the calculation of energy of atom and ion is done by the following formula-
Where,
h= Planck’s constant
c = light velocity
λ= wavelength
Ej= energy difference of excited state and ground state.
(c)
Interpretation:
Comparison of ratio of atoms or ions in 3p states and in ground state of Na atom and Mg+ is to be done when there is an inductively −coupled plasma source of 7250 K.
Concept introduction:
Boltzmann equation is used for the calculation of the ratio. This equation tells that how much an atom or ion is populated as a function of temperature. This equation is given as-
And the calculation of energy of atom and ion is done by the following formula-
Where,
h= Planck’s constant
c = light velocity
λ= wavelength
Ej= energy difference of excited state and ground state.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS
- Draw the major product of the following reaction. Do not draw inorganic byproducts. H3PO4 OHarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: HBr (1 equiv) Δ ? Some important notes: • Draw the major product, or products, of this reaction in the drawing area below. • You can draw the products in any arrangement you like. • Pay careful attention to the reaction conditions, and only include the major products. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. • Note that there is only 1 equivalent of HBr reactant, so you need not consider the case of multiple additions. Explanation Check X ©2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacyarrow_forwardFor the structure below, draw the resonance structure that is indicated by the curved arrow(s). Be sure to include formal charges. :ÖH Modify the second structure given to draw the new resonance structure. Include lone pairs and charges in your structure. Use the + and - tools to add/remove charges to an atom, and use the single bond tool to add/remove double bonds.arrow_forward
- Using the table of Reactants and Products provided in the Hints section, provide the major product (with the correct stereochemistry when applicable) for questions below by selecting the letter that corresponds to the exact chemical structures for the possible product. OH conc Hydrochloric acid 40°C Temp A/arrow_forwardUsing arrows to designate the flow of electrons, complete the reaction below and provide a detailed mechanism for the formation of the product OH conc Hydrochloric acid 40°C Temp All chemical structures should be hand drawn on a piece of paper Paragraph BI UAE +varrow_forwarddraw out the following structures plesearrow_forward
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- Predict the major products of the following organic reaction: + A Δ ? Some important notes: • Draw the major product, or products, of the reaction in the drawing area below. • If there aren't any products, because no reaction will take place, check the box below the drawing area instead. Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Save For Later 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Usearrow_forwardWhy is analysing salt content (using Mohr titration) in both regular & salt reduced tomato sauce important?arrow_forwardIn the image below, correctly name the glassware # _P ( Blank 1) and T ( Blank 2). 景 A W Blank # 1 Blank #2 1000 +19 E E D 0 0-0 G H A A K Π 12 R M N S 0-0-arrow_forward
Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning