Chapter 8, Problem 8.95QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason for $\text{C,N,O}$ and $\text{F}$ in covalently bonded molecules and ions to not have more than eight electrons is to be stated.

Concept introduction: For elements to have more than eight electrons, there must be a d orbitals present.

To determine: The reason for $\text{C,N,O}$ and $\text{F}$ in covalently bonded molecules and ions to not have more than eight electrons.