The concentration gradient of protons across the epithelial membrane. Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.8PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The concentration gradient of protons across the epithelial membrane.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy change associated with the secretion of 1 mole of protons into gastric juice at 37°C.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: If proton transport can be driven by ATP hydrolysis at the ratio of one molecule of ATP per protein transported.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The membrane potential that would be required to prevent proton to move back into the cell.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.8PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The concentration gradient of protons across the epithelial membrane.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy change associated with the secretion of 1 mole of protons into gastric juice at 37°C.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: If proton transport can be driven by ATP hydrolysis at the ratio of one molecule of ATP per protein transported.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The membrane potential that would be required to prevent proton to move back into the cell.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.8PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The concentration gradient of protons across the epithelial membrane.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy change associated with the secretion of 1 mole of protons into gastric juice at 37°C.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: If proton transport can be driven by ATP hydrolysis at the ratio of one molecule of ATP per protein transported.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The membrane potential that would be required to prevent proton to move back into the cell.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.8PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The concentration gradient of protons across the epithelial membrane.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy change associated with the secretion of 1 mole of protons into gastric juice at 37°C.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: If proton transport can be driven by ATP hydrolysis at the ratio of one molecule of ATP per protein transported.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The membrane potential that would be required to prevent proton to move back into the cell.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 8.8PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The concentration gradient of protons across the epithelial membrane.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy change associated with the secretion of 1 mole of protons into gastric juice at 37°C.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: If proton transport can be driven by ATP hydrolysis at the ratio of one molecule of ATP per protein transported.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The membrane potential that would be required to prevent proton to move back into the cell.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 8.8PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The concentration gradient of protons across the epithelial membrane.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 8.8PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The concentration gradient of protons across the epithelial membrane.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy change associated with the secretion of 1 mole of protons into gastric juice at 37°C.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The free energy change associated with the secretion of 1 mole of protons into gastric juice at 37°C.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: If proton transport can be driven by ATP hydrolysis at the ratio of one molecule of ATP per protein transported.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: If proton transport can be driven by ATP hydrolysis at the ratio of one molecule of ATP per protein transported.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

Answer 12

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The membrane potential that would be required to prevent proton to move back into the cell.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

Answer 13

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The membrane potential that would be required to prevent proton to move back into the cell.

Introduction: The transport of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane is an active transport process, which involves the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to provide energy. The gastric juice in the human stomach has a pH of 2.0. This acidity is due to the secretion of protons into the stomach by the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

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