The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution. Introduction: Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases. An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells. A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell. A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.51PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

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Questions 4 and 5

For a titration of 40.00 mL of 0.0500 M oxalic acid H2C2O4 with 0.1000 M KOH, calculate the pH at each of the following volume of KOH used in the titration: 1) before the titration begin;2) 15 mL; 3) 20 mL; 4) 25 mL; 5) 40 mL; 6) 50 mL. Ka1 = 5.90×10^-2, Ka2 = 6.50×10^-5 for oxalic acid.

Predict the major organic product(s), if any, of the following reactions. Assume all reagents are in excess unless otherwise indicated.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.51PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.51PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.51PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 8.51PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 8.51PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 8.51PP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

Answer 8

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

Answer 9

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

Answer 10

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

Answer 11

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

Answer 12

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

Answer 13

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The given solution are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic with physiological solution.

Introduction:

Osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution. As the number of particles in a solution increases, osmotic pressure increases.

An isotonic solution is known as physiological solution as it exerts the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells.

A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow into the red blood cells and causes RBCs to swell.

A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells and causes water to flow out of red blood cells and causes RBCs to shrink.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.1PP Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.2PP Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.3PP Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.4PP Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5PP Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.6PP Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.7PP Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.8PP Ch. 8 - Explain what is happening in the following...Ch. 8 - Explain what is happening in the following...

Solution Summary: The author explains that osmotic pressure is the pressure produced by the solute particles that are dissolved in a solution.

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