Chapter 8, Problem 8.44QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given set of ions has to be arranged in increasing order of ionic radius.

Concept Introduction:

• The distance between the nucleus and the valence shell of a cation or an anion is known as ionic radius.  An ion is formed by either loss or gain of electrons from its valence shell.
• An anion is formed when an electron is added to the valence shell of an atom.  The anion has a net negative charge in it.  In anion the extra electron added occupies more space and maximizes the shielding.
• Anions will have larger size compared to cations
• The reduction in the effective nuclear charge on the electron cloud, due to a difference in the attraction forces of the electrons in the nucleus is known as shielding effect
• When the proton number is greater than the electron, the size of the ion will be smaller due to less shielding. When the proton number is lesser than the electron, the size of the ion will be larger due to more shielding.
• A cation is formed when an electron is lost by an atom from its valence shell.  The cation has a net positive charge.  In cation the shielding decreases as the electron is removed from the valence shell.
• If the total number of electrons is less than the total number of protons in the ion, then the protons present can effectively attract the valence shell decreasing the size of the ion and vice-versa.