Chapter 8, Problem 8.31UKC

Draw the structure of the conjugate base of each acid.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conjugate base of the acid ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{2}}$ has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conjugate base:  A conjugate base is the product formed by a loss of proton from an acid.  The conjugate base of the acid A will be ${\text{A}}^{\text{-}}\text{.}$

Explanation of Solution

A proton is removed from the acid to form the conjugate base.

Nitrous acid loses a proton to form nitrite ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{,}$ the conjugate base.  The conjugate base of the given acid is,

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conjugate base of carbonic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Explanation of Solution

The conjugate base is formed by removing a proton from the acid.

Carbonic acid $\left({\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\right)$ loses a proton to form carbonate ion $\left({\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{.}$  The conjugate base of the given acid is,