Chapter 8, Problem 8.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To identify the given compound as primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl halide and give a common name to the given compound.

Concept introduction:

Alkyl halide refers to those organic compounds that consist of halogen atom as a functional group attached to the alkyl chain. The general formula is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+1}}\text{X}$. On the basis of the position of halogen atom in the chain of carbon atoms, alkyl halides are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides.

In primary alkyl halide, the halogen group is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to two hydrogen atoms and the other carbon atom.

In secondary alkyl halide, the halogen group is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom.

In tertiary alkyl halide, the halogen group is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to three carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 8.1P

The common name of the given compound is isobutyl fluoride. It is a primary alkyl halide.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{CHCH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{F}$. It contains four carbon atoms. Fluorine is attached to the first carbon atom and two methyl groups are attached to the second carbon atom. The second carbon atom does not form a continuous chain and the prefix –iso is used before the name of an alkyl halide. Therefore, the common name of this compound is isobutyl fluoride.

The fluorine atom is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to two hydrogen atoms and the other carbon atom. Therefore, it is a primary alkyl halide.

Conclusion

The common name of the given compound is isobutyl fluoride. It is a primary alkyl halide.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To identify the given compound as primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl halide and give a common name to the given compound.

Concept introduction:

Alkyl halide refers to those organic compounds that consist of halogen atom as a functional group attached to the alkyl chain. The general formula is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+1}}\text{X}$. On the basis of the position of halogen atom in the chain of carbon atoms, alkyl halides are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides.

In primary alkyl halide, the halogen group is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to two hydrogen atoms and the other carbon atom.

In secondary alkyl halide, the halogen group is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom.

In tertiary alkyl halide, the halogen group is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to three carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 8.1P

The common name of the given compound is n-hexyl iodide. It is a primary alkyl halide.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{I}$. It contains a chain of six carbon atoms. Iodine is attached to the first carbon atom. Therefore, the common name of this compound is n-hexyl iodide.

The iodine atom is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to two hydrogen atoms and the other carbon atom. Therefore, it is a primary alkyl halide.

Conclusion

The common name of the given compound is n-hexyl iodide. It is a primary alkyl halide.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To identify the given compound as primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl halide and give a common name to the given compound.

Concept introduction:

Alkyl halide refers to those organic compounds that consist of halogen atom as a functional group attached to the alkyl chain. The general formula is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+1}}\text{X}$. On the basis of the position of halogen atom in the chain of carbon atoms, alkyl halides are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides.

In primary alkyl halide, the halogen group is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to two hydrogen atoms and the other carbon atom.

In secondary alkyl halide, the halogen group is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom.

In tertiary alkyl halide, the halogen group is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to three carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 8.1P

The common name of the given compound is cyclopentyl bromide. It is a secondary alkyl halide.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is shown below.

Figure 1

It contains a ring of five carbon atoms. Bromine is attached to the second carbon atom. Therefore, the common name of this compound is cyclopentyl bromide.

The bromine atom is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom. Therefore, it is a secondary alkyl halide.

Conclusion

The common name of the given compound is cyclopentyl bromide. It is a secondary alkyl halide.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To identify the given compound as primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl halide and give a common name to the given compound.

Concept introduction:

Alkyl halide refers to those organic compounds that consist of halogen atom as a functional group attached to the alkyl chain. The general formula is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+1}}\text{X}$. On the basis of the position of halogen atom in the chain of carbon atoms, alkyl halides are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides.

In primary alkyl halide, the halogen group is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to two hydrogen atoms and the other carbon atom.

In secondary alkyl halide, the halogen group is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom.

In tertiary alkyl halide, the halogen group is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to three carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 8.1P

The common name of the given compound is neopentyl chloride. It is a primary alkyl halide.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is shown below.

Figure 2

It contains five carbon atoms. Chlorine is attached to the first carbon atom and three methyl groups are attached to the second carbon atom. Therefore, the prefix –neo is used before the name of an alkyl halide. Therefore, the common name of this compound is neopentyl chloride.

The chloride atom is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to two hydrogen atoms and the other carbon atom. Therefore, it is a primary alkyl halide.

Conclusion

The common name of the given compound is neopentyl chloride. It is a primary alkyl halide.