(a) Interpretation: The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted. Concept introduction: The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom adjacent to the carbocation is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 8, Problem 8.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom adjacent to the carbocation is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom, adjacent to the carbocation, is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

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Classify each of the following molecules as aromatic, antiaromatic, or nonaromatic. ZI NH Explanation Check O aromatic O antiaromatic O nonaromatic O aromatic O antiaromatic H O nonaromatic O aromatic O antiaromatic O nonaromatic ×

Part I. Draw the stepwise reaction mechanism of each product (a, b, c, d, e, f) HO HO OH НОН,С HO OH Sucrose HO CH₂OH H N N HO -H H -OH KMnO4, Heat H OH CH₂OH (d) Phenyl Osatriazole OH НОН,С HO HO + Glacial HOAC HO- HO CH₂OH OH HO Fructose (a) Glucose OH (b) H₂N HN‍ (c) CuSO4-5H2O, ethanol H N N N HO ·H H OH H OH N CH₂OH OH (f) Phenyl Osazone H (e) Carboxy phenyl osatriazole Figure 2.1. Reaction Scheme for the Total Synthesis of Fine Chemicals

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom adjacent to the carbocation is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom, adjacent to the carbocation, is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom adjacent to the carbocation is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom, adjacent to the carbocation, is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom adjacent to the carbocation is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom, adjacent to the carbocation, is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 8.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom adjacent to the carbocation is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom, adjacent to the carbocation, is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 8.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom adjacent to the carbocation is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 8.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom adjacent to the carbocation is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom, adjacent to the carbocation, is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product with greater abundance in the given E1 reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The E1 reaction proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate by elimination of the leaving group in the first step. In the second step, the hydrogen atom, adjacent to the carbocation, is removed by the base to form a double bond. As the carbocation is planar, the elimination product would be a mixture of diastereomers when the double bonded carbon atoms are asymmetrically substituted. The stereochemistry of C=C bond is indicated by E/Z notation. E represents the trans double bond. When the same priority groups are on opposite side of the double bond, the representation E is used. Z represents the cis double bond. When the same priority groups are on the same side of the double bond., the representation Z is used. The isomer with the bulkier groups on opposite side of C=C bond is more stable due to less steric hindrance.

Answer 10

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Answer 13

Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.1P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.2P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.3P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.4P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.6P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.7P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.8P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.9P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.10P

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