Internal Control: Internal control refers to the policies, and plans of the business organization along with other measures with a view to safeguard its assets, encourage the employees to adhere to the plans, to improve on the operational efficiency, and to ensure correct and reliable accounting information. Five elements of internal control: Control Environment: Control Environment refers to the attitude of top brass of the company or the corporate culture. The top brass of the company must set the tone to improve the morale for rest of the employees of the business. Risk assessment: The business must be able identify the risk associated with it, and accordingly use the internal control to safeguard its assets and ensures fairness in presentation in accounting information. Control procedures: The objective of setting the control procedure is to ensure that the business achieves its objectives. Monitoring controls: The internal control used in the business is being monitored by the internal auditors who are hired by the business, to ensure that the employees are adhering to the policies of the business and running the operations efficiently. The external auditors on the other hand ensure that the business accounting records are being maintained in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Information and communication: Information and communication system is important for a business and hence only authorized persons should be allowed the access to the confidential accounting information. Approvals are also should be made mandatory for the transactions by the control system.

Question

Novak Company has the following stockholders' equity accounts at December 31, 2025. Common Stock ($100 par value, authorized 7,600 shares) $459,100 Retained Earnings 266,700 a. Prepare entries in journal form to record the following transactions, which took place during 2026 1. 290 shares of outstanding stock were purchased at $97 per share. (These are to be accounted for using the cost method.) 2. A $22 per share cash dividend was declared. 3. The dividend declared in (2) above was paid. 4. The treasury shares purchased in (1) above were resold at $101 per share. 5. 500 shares of outstanding stock were purchased at $103 per share. 6. 380 of the shares purchased in (5) above were resold at $96 per share. b. Prepare the stockholders' equity section of Novak Company's balance sheet after giving effect to these transactions, assuming that the net income for 2026 was $86,300. State law requires restriction of retained earnings for the amount of treasury stock.

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Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.15EX

To determine

Internal Control: Internal control refers to the policies, and plans of the business organization along with other measures with a view to safeguard its assets, encourage the employees to adhere to the plans, to improve on the operational efficiency, and to ensure correct and reliable accounting information.

Five elements of internal control:

Control Environment: Control Environment refers to the attitude of top brass of the company or the corporate culture. The top brass of the company must set the tone to improve the morale for rest of the employees of the business.

Risk assessment: The business must be able identify the risk associated with it, and accordingly use the internal control to safeguard its assets and ensures fairness in presentation in accounting information.

Control procedures: The objective of setting the control procedure is to ensure that the business achieves its objectives.

Monitoring controls: The internal control used in the business is being monitored by the internal auditors who are hired by the business, to ensure that the employees are adhering to the policies of the business and running the operations efficiently. The external auditors on the other hand ensure that the business accounting records are being maintained in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).

Information and communication: Information and communication system is important for a business and hence only authorized persons should be allowed the access to the confidential accounting information. Approvals are also should be made mandatory for the transactions by the control system.

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Novak Company has the following stockholders' equity accounts at December 31, 2025. Common Stock ($100 par value, authorized 7,600 shares) $459,100 Retained Earnings 266,700 a. Prepare entries in journal form to record the following transactions, which took place during 2026 1. 290 shares of outstanding stock were purchased at $97 per share. (These are to be accounted for using the cost method.) 2. A $22 per share cash dividend was declared. 3. The dividend declared in (2) above was paid. 4. The treasury shares purchased in (1) above were resold at $101 per share. 5. 500 shares of outstanding stock were purchased at $103 per share. 6. 380 of the shares purchased in (5) above were resold at $96 per share. b. Prepare the stockholders' equity section of Novak Company's balance sheet after giving effect to these transactions, assuming that the net income for 2026 was $86,300. State law requires restriction of retained earnings for the amount of treasury stock.

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