(a) Interpretation: Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted. Concept introduction: The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles. The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 8, Problem 8.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The location of the curve for aldehyde boiling points in the given Figure is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

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3. Arrange the different acids in Exercise B # 2 from the strongest (1) to the weakest acid (10). 1. 2. (strongest) 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 10. (weakest)

Name Section Score Date EXERCISE B pH, pOH, pка, AND PKD CALCULATIONS 1. Complete the following table. Solution [H+] [OH-] PH РОН Nature of Solution A 2 x 10-8 M B 1 x 10-7 M C D 12.3 6.8 2. The following table contains the names, formulas, ka or pka for some common acids. Fill in the blanks in the table. (17 Points) Acid Name Formula Dissociation reaction Ka pka Phosphoric acid H₂PO₁ H3PO4 H++ H₂PO 7.08 x 10-3 Dihydrogen H₂PO H₂PO H+ HPO 6.31 x 10-6 phosphate Hydrogen HPO₁ 12.4 phosphate Carbonic acid H2CO3 Hydrogen HCO 6.35 10.3 carbonate or bicarbonate Acetic acid CH,COOH 4.76 Lactic acid CH₂CHOH- COOH 1.38 x 10 Ammonium NH 5.63 x 10-10 Phenol CH₂OH 1 x 10-10 Protonated form CH3NH3* 3.16 x 10-11 of methylamine

Indicate whether it is true that Co(III) complexes are very stable.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 8, Problem 8.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The location of the curve for aldehyde boiling points in the given Figure is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 8, Problem 8.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The location of the curve for aldehyde boiling points in the given Figure is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 8, Problem 8.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The location of the curve for aldehyde boiling points in the given Figure is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 8.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The location of the curve for aldehyde boiling points in the given Figure is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 8.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 8.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Among acetaldehyde and propene, the one that has the higher boiling point is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

The dipole moment is defined as the charge separation between two atoms in a covalent bond or between two ions in an ionic bond. It is used to determine the polarity of atoms or ions.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The location of the curve for aldehyde boiling points in the given Figure is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The location of the curve for aldehyde boiling points in the given Figure is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The boiling point is defined as a temperature at which the conversion of a liquid into a vapor state takes place. At this temperature, the liquid’s vapor pressure becomes equal to the external pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of a molecule depends upon the interactions that result from permanent or induced dipoles.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.1P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.2P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.3P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.4P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.6P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.7P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.8P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.9P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that acetaldehyde has the higher boiling point than propene due to higher interactions and polarity.

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