Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 8, Problem 6Q
To determine
(a)
The mass of Earth if it had retained helium and hydrogen in the same proportion as the heavier elements that exist elsewhere in the universe.
To determine
(b)
The comparison of the answer in part (a) with the mass of Jupiter that is around
To determine
(c)
Whether the rocky core of Jupiter is expected to be larger, smaller or of the same size as the Earth.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Exoplanet orbital period (b)
For the system pictured in the previous problem (and using data given there), suppose that the star
has a mass of 0.025 solar masses, and the planet's mass is very small in comparison. Compute the
planet's orbit period. Assume the orbit is circular with a radius given by the distance listed in the
figure. Express your answer in years.
[Hint: this is a mildly challenging problem that requires plugging into a single formula but using
multiple unit conversions. You will need to use Kepler's 3rd law in its **general** form (not the
simplified form that is only applicable to objects orbiting our Sun). You will need to look up the
value of the constant G. Convert solar masses to kg, AU to m, and everything else to base Sl units;
find the period in seconds; then convert seconds to years.]
consider plutoz diameter and mass. (2374)km & (1.303E22kg) and day which js 6.4 dayz long.
FIND:
1. please elaborate how would you get the answer to the escappe vel0city from plut0.
2. we would need to find the minimum energy required for an aircraft or ship of some sort with mass (525kg) to escape this planet..
3. we would also need to find the t0tal energy for a complete orbit around the planet with an airship with a same mass (525) and an altitude of 224 km
As discussed in class, the moon is receding from the Earth due to tides at a rate of ~4 cm/year. Let’s assume that rate has been constant throughout time (it wasn’t, but we can use it to illustrate some key points). Its current semi-major axis is 384,400 km.a) If the moon formed 4.5 billion years ago and has been receding from the Earth ever since, what was its original semi-major axis? What was its original orbital period?b) What would the apparent size of the Moon have been in the sky as viewed from Earth? That is, in Hmwk 2, you were told the diameter of the Moon spans about 0.5o when viewed from Earth today. What would it have been when the Moon first formed?
Reletive Numbers
Relevant Numbers1 AU = 150,000,000 km = 1.5x108 kmEccentricity of Earth’s Orbit: 0.0167Radius of Earth: 6371 kmMass of Earth: 5.96x1024 kgRadius of the Moon: 1737 kmMass of Moon: 7.34x1022 kgRadius of Mars: 3390 kmMass of Mars: 6.4x1023 kgRadius of the Sun: R⦿=696,300 kmMass of the Sun: M⦿=2x1030…
Chapter 8 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1QCh. 8 - Prob. 2QCh. 8 - Prob. 3QCh. 8 - Prob. 4QCh. 8 - Prob. 5QCh. 8 - Prob. 6QCh. 8 - Prob. 7QCh. 8 - Prob. 8QCh. 8 - Prob. 9QCh. 8 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 8 - Prob. 11QCh. 8 - Prob. 12QCh. 8 - Prob. 13QCh. 8 - Prob. 14QCh. 8 - Prob. 15QCh. 8 - Prob. 16QCh. 8 - Prob. 17QCh. 8 - Prob. 18QCh. 8 - Prob. 19QCh. 8 - Prob. 20QCh. 8 - Prob. 21QCh. 8 - Prob. 22QCh. 8 - Prob. 23QCh. 8 - Prob. 24QCh. 8 - Prob. 25QCh. 8 - Prob. 26QCh. 8 - Prob. 27QCh. 8 - Prob. 28QCh. 8 - Prob. 29QCh. 8 - Prob. 30QCh. 8 - Prob. 31QCh. 8 - Prob. 32QCh. 8 - Prob. 33QCh. 8 - Prob. 34QCh. 8 - Prob. 35QCh. 8 - Prob. 36QCh. 8 - Prob. 37QCh. 8 - Prob. 38QCh. 8 - Prob. 39QCh. 8 - Prob. 40QCh. 8 - Prob. 41QCh. 8 - Prob. 42QCh. 8 - Prob. 43QCh. 8 - Prob. 44QCh. 8 - Prob. 45QCh. 8 - Prob. 46QCh. 8 - Prob. 47QCh. 8 - Prob. 48QCh. 8 - Prob. 49QCh. 8 - Prob. 50QCh. 8 - Prob. 51QCh. 8 - Prob. 52Q
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Solution from part A: E=-KE = PE/2 Solution from part B: =3/2kt a. (NOTE: Treat the cloud as two equal masses interacting gravitationally across a distance equal to the radius of the cloud.) Use your result from part a to write down the condition for gravitational collapse in terms of the kinetic and potential energies (NOTE: This condition is an INEQUALITY) b. Use your result from part b in order to replace the kinetic energy with its temperature equivalent in your expression for the collapse condition. c. Solve the expression in ii above for the mass.arrow_forwardPlease help me with this question. A=.2arrow_forwardIn Table 2, there is a list of 15 planets, some of which are real objects discovered by the Kepler space telescope, and some are hypothetical planets. For each one, you are provided the temperature of the star that each planet orbits in degrees Kelvin (K), the distance that each planet orbits from their star in astronomical units (AUs) and the size or radius of each planet in Earth radii (RE). Since we are concerned with finding Earth-like planets, we will assume that the composition of these planets are similar to Earth's, so we will not directly look at their masses, rather their sizes (radii) along with the other characteristics. Determine which of these 15 planets meets our criteria of a planet that could possibly support Earth-like life. Use the Habitable Planet Classification Flow Chart (below) to complete Table 2. Whenever the individual value you are looking at falls within the range of values specified on the flow chart, mark the cell to the right of the value with a Y for…arrow_forward
- Suppose there were a planet in our Solar System orbiting at a distance of 0.5 AU from theSun, and having ten times the mass and four times the radius of Earth. For reference, theEarth has a mass of 5.97 × 1024 kg and a radius of 6,378 km a) Calculate the density of this hypothetical planet.b) Based on your answer from part a), what do you think this planet would be made of?Explain your reasoning.c) Do this planet’s properties agree with the condensation theory for the formation of ourSolar System? Why or why not?arrow_forwardSuppose there were a planet in our Solar System orbiting at a distance of 0.5 AU from the Sun, and having ten times the mass and four times the radius of Earth. For reference, the Earth has a mass of 5.97 × 10*24 kg and a radius of 6,378 km. a)Calculatethe density of this hypothetical planet. b)Basedon your answer from part a), what do you think this planet would be made of? Explain your c)Dothis planet’s properties agree with the condensation theory for the formation of our Solar System? Why or why not?arrow_forwardConsider a neutron star as a very dense sphere of matter. Assuming that the star has a mass of 1*(mass of sun) and a radius of 0.05*(radius of sun), then how much would a 85.1 kg person weigh on the surface of this star? (enter your answer in Newtons). See the test reference sheet for applicable constants. HINT: Remember what we learned about the force of gravity and the gravitational field (Ch. 13 of the textbook)arrow_forward
- Please answer the question and subquestions completely! This is one whole question which has subquestions! According to the official Bartleby guidelines, each question can have up to two subquestions! Thank you! 1) Use Kepler's Law to find the time (in Earth’s years) for Mars to orbit the Sun if the radius of Mars’ orbit is 1.5 times the radius of Earth's orbit. 1.8 2.8 3.4 4.2 A) The mass of Mars is about 1/10 the mass of Earth. Its diameter is about 1/2 the diameter of Earth. What is the gravitational acceleration at the surface of Mars? 9.8 m/s2 2.0 m/s2 3.9 m/s2 4.9 m/s2 none of these B) A 9.0 x 10 3 kg satellite orbits the Earth at the distance of 2.56 x 10 7 m from Earth’s surface. What is its period? 1.1 x 10 4 s 4.1 x 10 4 s 5.7 x 10 4 s 1.5 x 10 5 sarrow_forwardanswer each of the following with a brief explanation of the mathematics used to get there. A new mystery planet is detected around our Sun. We measure its position relative to the Sun to be 2 AU at perihelion and 6 AU at aphelion. What is the semimajor axis of this planet's orbit (in AU)? With that information, what is the orbital period of that planet (in years)? If this planet has the same mass as Earth, how does the average force of gravity on the planet by the Sun compare with the average force of gravity on the Earth by the Sun? Please give a numerical ratio of the forces. (Hint: You can take the semimajor axis to represent the average position of the planets)arrow_forwardPlease answer the question and subquestions completely! This is one whole question which has subquestions! According to the official Bartleby guidelines, each question can have up to two subquestions! Thank you! 1) The mass of Planet W is 1/100 that of Earth and its radius is 1/4 that of Earth. If the weight of an object is 600 N on Earth, what would it weigh on Planet W? 24 N 48 N 96 N 192 N 600 N A) The weight of an object at the surface of Earth is 90 N. What is its weight at a distance 2R from the surface of Earth? 10 N 30 N 90 N 270 N 810 N B) A 9.0 x 10 3 kg satellite orbits the Earth at the distance of 2.56 x 10 7 m from Earth’s surface. What is its period? 1.1 x 10 4 s 4.1 x 10 4 s 5.7 x 10 4 s 1.5 x 10 5 sarrow_forward
- Scale 0.7707346 AU Period= 2.41495 Years Kepler's Laws: Using the orbit shown below and a ruler, measure the scale bar in the top left corner in centimeters. The length of the bar is equal to the distance in AU shown below the bar. Measure the aphelion and perihelion distance of the orbit inarrow_forwardAlert: Don't submit AI generated answer.Alert: Don't submit hand written solution strictly.arrow_forwardPlease answer the question and subquestions completely! This is one whole question which has subquestions! According to the official Bartleby guidelines, each question can have up to two subquestions! Thank you! 1) A missile is launched upward with a speed that is half the escape speed. What height (in radii of Earth) will it reach? R/4 R/3 R/2 R 2R A) The weight of a 0.60 kg object at the surface of Planet V is 20 N. The radius of the planet is 4 x 10 6 m. Find the gravitational acceleration at a distance of 2 x 10 6 m from the surface of this planet. 8.9 m/s2 11 m/s2 13 m/s2 18 m/s2 B) Two masses are precisely 1 m apart from each other. The gravitational force each exerts on the other is exactly 1 N. If the masses are identical, what is each mass? 1.22 x 105 kg 1.34 x 1010 kg 2.50 x 105 kg 1.58 x 1010 kgarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)PhysicsISBN:9781337399920Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Stars and GalaxiesPhysicsISBN:9781305120785Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage Learning
AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9781938168284Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. WolffPublisher:OpenStax
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Physics
ISBN:9781337399920
Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Stars and Galaxies
Physics
ISBN:9781305120785
Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Astronomy
Physics
ISBN:9781938168284
Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher:OpenStax