Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399425
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 3ALQ
substance
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111
States of Matter
Understanding conceptual components of the enthalpy of solution
0/5
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A small amount of acetonitrile (CH, CN) is dissolved in a large amount of water. Imagine separating this process into the four stages sketched below. (These
sketches show only a portion of the substances, so you can see the density and distribution of atoms and molecules in them.)
CH,CN
H₂O
B
88
C
Use these sketches to answer the questions in the table below.
The enthalpy of solution AH is negative
soln
when CH3CN dissolves in water. Use this
information to list the stages in order of increasing
enthalpy.
Would heat be absorbed or released if the system
moved from Stage C to D?
What force would oppose or favor the system
moving from Stage C to D? Check all that apply.
1
absorbed
O released
neither absorbed nor released.
none
O ionic bonding force
covalent bonding force…
In a system with an anodic overpotential, the variation of ŋ as a function of
the current density:
1. at low fields is linear 2. at higher fields, it follows Tafel's law
Find the range of current densities for which the overpotential has the same
value as when calculated for cases 1 and 2 (maximum relative difference of
5% with respect to the behavior for higher fields). To which overpotential
range does this correspond?
Data: 10 = 1.5 mA cm², T = 300°C, ẞ = 0.64, R = 8.314 J K 1 mol¹ and F = 96485
C mol-1.
Indicate 10.6 with only one significant figure.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Ch. 8.2 - ercise 8.1 Calculate the mass of a sample that...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8.2SCCh. 8.3 - at if you were offered $1 million to count from 1...Ch. 8.3 - at if you discovered Avogadro’s number was not...Ch. 8.3 - ercise 8.3 Chromium (Cr) is a metal that is added...Ch. 8.5 - ercise 8.4 Polyvinyl chloride (called PVC), which...Ch. 8.5 - ercise 8.5 Calculate the molar mass for sodium...Ch. 8.5 - ercise 8.6 The substance Teflon, the slippery...Ch. 8.6 - ercise 8.7 Penicillin, an important antibiotic...Ch. 8.8 - ercise 8.8 In a lab experiment it was observed...
Ch. 8.8 - trong>Exercise 8.9 Sevin, the commercial name for...Ch. 8.8 - e part of the problem-solving strategy for...Ch. 8.8 - ercise 8.10 The most common form of nylon...Ch. 8.9 - Exercise 8.11 A compound used as an additive for...Ch. 8 - n chemistry, what is meant by the term mole? What...Ch. 8 - hat is the difference between the empirical and...Ch. 8 - substance A2B is 60% A by mass. Calculate the...Ch. 8 - ive the formula for calcium phosphate and then...Ch. 8 - ow would you find the number of “chalk molecules”...Ch. 8 - 0.821 -mol sample of a substance composed of...Ch. 8 - ow many molecules of water are there in a 10.0-g...Ch. 8 - hat is the mass (in grams) of one molecule of...Ch. 8 - onsider separate 100.0-g samples of each of the...Ch. 8 - A molecule has a mass of 4.651023 g. Provide two...Ch. 8 - Differentiate between the terms atomic mass and...Ch. 8 - Consider Figure 4.19 in the text. Why is it that...Ch. 8 - Why do we need to count atoms by weighing them?Ch. 8 - The following claim is made in your text: 1 mole...Ch. 8 - Estimate the length of time it would take you to...Ch. 8 - Suppose Avogadro’s number was 1000 instead of...Ch. 8 - Estimate the number of atoms in your body and...Ch. 8 - Consider separate equal mass samples of magnesium,...Ch. 8 - You have a 20.0-g sample of silver metal. You are...Ch. 8 - How would you find the number of “ink molecules”...Ch. 8 - True or false? The atom with the largest subscript...Ch. 8 - Which of the following compounds have the same...Ch. 8 - The percent by mass of nitrogen is 46.7% for a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 24ALQCh. 8 - Give the empirical formula for each of the...Ch. 8 - erchants usually sell small nuts, washers, and...Ch. 8 - he “Chemistry in Focus” segment Plastic That Talks...Ch. 8 - efine the amu. What is one amu equivalent to in...Ch. 8 - hat do we mean by the average atomic mass of an...Ch. 8 - sing the average atomic masses for each of the...Ch. 8 - sing the average atomic masses for each of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 8 - he atomic mass of copper is 63.55 amu. What would...Ch. 8 - here are _________ iron atoms present in 55.85 g...Ch. 8 - There are 6.0221023 zinc atoms present in g of...Ch. 8 - Suppose you have a sample of sodium weighing 11.50...Ch. 8 - Consider a sample of silver weighing 30OE0 g. How...Ch. 8 - What mass of hydrogen contains the same number of...Ch. 8 - What mass of cobalt contains the same number of...Ch. 8 - If an average sodium atom has a mass of 3.821023...Ch. 8 - Ifan average fluorine atom has a mass of 3.161023...Ch. 8 - Which has the smaller mass, 1 mole of He atoms or...Ch. 8 - Which weighs less, 0.25 mole of xenon atoms or 2.0...Ch. 8 - Use the average atomic masses given inside the...Ch. 8 - Use the average atomic masses given inside the...Ch. 8 - Use the average atomic masses given inside the...Ch. 8 - Use the average atomic masses given inside the...Ch. 8 - Using the average atomic masses given inside the...Ch. 8 - Using the average atomic masses given inside the...Ch. 8 - The _________ of a substance is the mass (in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 8 - Give the name and calculate the molar mass for...Ch. 8 - Give the name and calculate the molar mass for...Ch. 8 - Write the formula and calculate the molar mass for...Ch. 8 - Write the formula and calculate the molar mass for...Ch. 8 - Calculate the number of moles of the indicated...Ch. 8 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 8 - Calculate the number of moles of the indicated...Ch. 8 - Calculate the mass in grams of each of the...Ch. 8 - Calculate the mass in grams of each of the...Ch. 8 - Calculate the mass in grams of each of the...Ch. 8 - Calculate the mass in grams of each of the...Ch. 8 - Calculate the number of molecules present in each...Ch. 8 - Calculate the number of molecules present in each...Ch. 8 - Calculate the number of moles of carbon atoms...Ch. 8 - Calculate the number of moles of sulfur atoms...Ch. 8 - The mass fraction of an element present in a...Ch. 8 - If the amount of a sample doubles, what happens to...Ch. 8 - lculate the percent by mass of each element in the...Ch. 8 - Calculate the percent by mass of each element in...Ch. 8 - Calculate the percent by mass of the element...Ch. 8 - Calculate the percent by mass of the element...Ch. 8 - Prob. 49QAPCh. 8 - What is the mass percent of oxygen in each of the...Ch. 8 - For each of the following samples of ionic...Ch. 8 - For each of the following ionic substances,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 53QAPCh. 8 - Explain lo a friend who has not yet taken a...Ch. 8 - Give the empirical formula that corresponds to...Ch. 8 - Which of the following pairs of compounds have the...Ch. 8 - A compound was analyzed and was found to contain...Ch. 8 - A compound was analyzed and was found to contain...Ch. 8 - A 0.59980-g sample of a new compound has been...Ch. 8 - A compound was analyzed and was found to contain...Ch. 8 - If a 1.271-g sample of aluminum metal is heated in...Ch. 8 - A compound was analyzed and was found to contain...Ch. 8 - When 3.269 g of zinc is heated in pure oxygen, the...Ch. 8 - If cobalt metal is mixed with excess sulfur and...Ch. 8 - If 1.25 g of aluminum metal is heated in an...Ch. 8 - If 2.50 g of aluminum metal is heated in a stream...Ch. 8 - A compound used ¡n the nuclear industry has the...Ch. 8 - A compound was analyzed and was found to contain...Ch. 8 - A compound has the following percentage...Ch. 8 - When lithium metal is heated strongly in an...Ch. 8 - A compound has been analyzed and has been found to...Ch. 8 - Tetraphenylporphyrin is a synthetic compound that...Ch. 8 - When 1.00 mg of lithium metal is reacted with...Ch. 8 - Phosphorus and chlorine form two binary compounds,...Ch. 8 - How does the molecular formula of a compound...Ch. 8 - Prob. 76QAPCh. 8 - A binary compound of boron and hydrogen has the...Ch. 8 - A compound with empirical formula CH was found by...Ch. 8 - A compound with the empirical formula CH2 was...Ch. 8 - A compound with empirical formula C2H5O was found...Ch. 8 - A compound having an approximate molar mass of...Ch. 8 - A compound containing only sulfur and nitrogen is...Ch. 8 - Use the periodic table shown in Fig. 4.9 to...Ch. 8 - Complete the following table. l> Mass of Sample...Ch. 8 - Complete the following table. l> Mass of Sample...Ch. 8 - Consider a hypothetical compound composed of...Ch. 8 - A binary compound of magnesium and nitrogen is...Ch. 8 - When a 2.11 8-g sample of copper is heated in an...Ch. 8 - Hydrogen gas reacts with each of the halogen...Ch. 8 - Calculate the number of atoms of each element...Ch. 8 - Calculate the mass in grams of each of the...Ch. 8 - Calculate the mass of carbon in grams, the percent...Ch. 8 - Find the item in column 2 that best explains or...Ch. 8 - You have a sample of copper (Cu) and a sample of...Ch. 8 - Calculate the number of grams of cobalt that...Ch. 8 - A compound was analyzed and found to contain the...Ch. 8 - Calculate the number of grains of lithium that...Ch. 8 - Given that the molar mass of carbon tetrachloride,...Ch. 8 - Calculate the mass in grains of hydrogen present...Ch. 8 - f you have equal mole samples of NO2 and F2 ,...Ch. 8 - strikingly beautiful copper compound with the...Ch. 8 - certain transition metal ion (Mn+) forms a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 103APCh. 8 - Prob. 104APCh. 8 - Prob. 105APCh. 8 - f an average sodium atom weighs 22.99 amu, how...Ch. 8 - Prob. 107APCh. 8 - Prob. 108APCh. 8 - Prob. 109APCh. 8 - Prob. 110APCh. 8 - Prob. 111APCh. 8 - Prob. 112APCh. 8 - alculate the number of moles of the indicated...Ch. 8 - f you have equal-mole samples of each of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 115APCh. 8 - Prob. 116APCh. 8 - alculate the number of moles of hydrogen atoms...Ch. 8 - ow many anions are there in 5.00 g of calcium...Ch. 8 - Prob. 119APCh. 8 - Prob. 120APCh. 8 - 1.2569-g sample of a new compound has been...Ch. 8 - hat mass of sodium hydroxide has the same number...Ch. 8 - hen 2.004 g of calcium is heated in pure nitrogen...Ch. 8 - opical hydrocortisone is often used to treat a...Ch. 8 - hen 1.00 g of metallic chromium is heated with...Ch. 8 - hen barium metal is heated in chlorine gas, a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 127CPCh. 8 - itamin B12 , cyancobalamin, is essential for human...Ch. 8 - Prob. 129CPCh. 8 - . How many atoms of carbon are present in 1 .0 g...Ch. 8 - onsider samples of phosphine (PH3) , water (H2O) ....Ch. 8 - he chemical formula for aspirin is C9H8O4 . What...Ch. 8 - Prob. 133CPCh. 8 - compound with molar mass 180.1 g/mol has the...
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