Chapter 8, Problem 2CS

Controlling the overgrowth of invasive aquatic vegetation is a significant problem in the waterways of most U.S. states. Originally, herbicides and dredging were used for control, but in 1963, diploid Asian carp were introduced in Alabama and Arkansas. Unfortunately, through escapes and illegal introductions, the carp spread rapidly and became serious threats to aquatic ecosystems in 45 states. Beginning in 1983, many states began using triploid, sterile grass carp as an alternative, because of their inability to reproduce, their longevity, and their voracious appetite. On the other hand, this genetically modified exotic species, if not used properly, can reduce or eliminate desirable plants and outcompete native fish, causing more damage than good. The use of one exotic species to control other exotic species has had a problematic history across the globe, generating controversy and criticism. Newer methods for genetic modification of organisms to achieve specific outcomes will certainly become more common in the future and raise several interesting questions.

2. If you were a state official in charge of a particular waterway, what questions would you ask before approving the use of a laboratory-produced, triploid species in this waterway?