Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 23E
Do you think scientists should make plans to defend Earth from future asteroid impacts? Is it right to intervene in the same evolutionary process that made the development of mammals (including us) possible after the big impact 65 million years ago?
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 8 - What is the thickest interior layer of Earth? The...Ch. 8 - What are Earth’s core and mantle made of? Explain...Ch. 8 - Describe the differences among primitive, igneous,...Ch. 8 - Explain briefly how the following phenomena happen...Ch. 8 - What is the source of Earth’s magnetic field?Ch. 8 - Why is the shape of the magnetosphere not...Ch. 8 - Although he did not present a mechanism, what were...Ch. 8 - List the possible interactions between Earth’s...Ch. 8 - List, in order of decreasing altitude, the...Ch. 8 - In which atmospheric layer are almost all...
Ch. 8 - What is, by far, the most abundant component of...Ch. 8 - In which domain of living things do you find...Ch. 8 - Describe three ways in which the presence of life...Ch. 8 - Briefly describe the greenhouse effect.Ch. 8 - How do impacts by comets and asteroids influence...Ch. 8 - Why are there so many impact craters on our...Ch. 8 - Detail some of the anthropogenic changes to...Ch. 8 - If you wanted to live where the chances of a...Ch. 8 - Which type of object would likely cause more...Ch. 8 - If all life were destroyed on Earth by a large...Ch. 8 - Why is a decrease in Earth’s ozone harmful to...Ch. 8 - Why are we concerned about the increases in CO2...Ch. 8 - Do you think scientists should make plans to...Ch. 8 - Europe and North America are moving apart by about...Ch. 8 - Over the entire Earth, there are 60,000 km of...Ch. 8 - With the information from Exercise 8.25, you can...Ch. 8 - What is the volume of new oceanic basalt added to...Ch. 8 - Suppose a major impact that produces a mass...Ch. 8 - How do the risks of dying from the impact of an...Ch. 8 - What fraction of Earth’s volume is taken up by the...Ch. 8 - Approximately what percentage of Earth’s radius is...Ch. 8 - What is the drift rate of the Pacific plate over...Ch. 8 - What is the percent increase of atmospheric CO2 in...Ch. 8 - Estimate the mass of the object that formed Meteor...
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- Is it likely that life ever existed on either Venus or Mars? Justify your answer in each case.arrow_forwardHow do impacts by comets and asteroids influence Earth’s geology, its atmosphere, and the evolution of life?arrow_forwardWhat evidence do scientists have that life on Earth began in the sea?arrow_forward
- If you detected radio signals with an average wavelength of 20.000 cm and suspected that they came from a civilization on a distant Earth-like exoplanet, roughly how much of a change in wavelength should you expect to detect as a result of the orbital motion of the distant exoplanet? (Hint: Use the Doppler shift formula, Eq. 7-3.) (Note: Earths orbital velocity is 30 km/s.)arrow_forwardWhy was Earths early atmosphere able to support photosynthesis but would not have been able to support animal life?arrow_forwardHow can a planet’s atmosphere affect the width of the habitable zone in its planetary system?arrow_forward
- Consider Figure 25-8. What is the ratio of the length of time since the origin of fish to the time since the origin of mammals? What does this value indicate?arrow_forwardIf we do find life on Mars, what might be some ways to check whether it formed separately from Earth life, or whether exchanges of material between the two planets meant that the two forms of life have a common origin?arrow_forwardWhere is the oxygen on Mars today? How do you know?arrow_forward
- The runaway greenhouse effect and its inverse, the runaway refrigerator effect, have led to harsh, uninhabitable conditions on Venus and Mars. Does the greenhouse effect always cause climate changes leading to loss of water and life? Give a reason for your answer.arrow_forwardSuppose a major impact that produces a mass extinction takes place on Earth once every 5 million years. Suppose further that if such an event occurred today, you and most other humans would be killed (this would be true even if the human species as a whole survived). Such impact events are random, and one could take place at any time. Calculate the probability that such an impact will occur within the next 50 years (within your lifetime).arrow_forwardWhat is a habitable zone?arrow_forward
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