Chemistry: The Central Science Plus Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780134292816
Author: Theodore E. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Bruce E. Bursten, Matthew E. Stoltzfus
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 21E
- Is lattice energy usually endothermic or exothermic?
- Write the chemical equation that represents the process of lattice energy for the case of NaCl.
- Would you expect salts like NaCl, which have singly charged ions, to have larger or smaller lattice energies compared to salts like CaO which are composed of doubly-charged ions?
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The lattice energy of NaCl is 769 kJ/mole. Which of
the following is a correct statement about NaCl?
When one mole each of gaseous Nat and CI- ions form
solid NaCl, 769 kJ of heat is consumed.
It requires 769 kJ to separate one mole of solid NaCl into
one mole of each gaseous Na* and CI- ions.
It requires 769 kJ to separate one mole of solid NaCl into
gaseous one mole of Na* and two moles of CI- ions.
Suppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xhaustium" (Xh).Xh exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth.
Xh(s) + F2(g) → XhF2(s)
Lattice energy for XhF2
-2140. kJ/mol
First Ionization energy of Xh
310. kJ/mol
Second Ionization energy of Xh
589 kJ/mol
Electron affinity of F
-327.8 kJ/mol
Bond energy of F2
154 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xh
150. kJ/mol
Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xhaustium fluoride.
Your answer must be accurate and precise to the nearest 1 kJ/mol, as are the given parameters.
The ionic radii of element E and a different metallic element, M, are shown in the following table: Both elements form oxides, E2O and MO. If lattice energy is defined as the energy required to separate an ionic solid into individual separate gaseous ions, would the lattice energy of MO be less than, equal to, or greater than the lattice energy of the oxide E2O? Justify your answer in terms of Coulomb's law
Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry: The Central Science Plus Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (14th Edition)
Ch. 8.2 - Which of the these elements is most likely to from...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8.1.2PECh. 8.2 - Which of the following bond is the most polar? H-F...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8.2.2PECh. 8.3 - Prob. 8.3.1PECh. 8.3 - Prob. 8.3.2PECh. 8.4 - Which of the following bonds is the most polar? a....Ch. 8.4 - Which of the following bonds is most polar: S-Cl,...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 8.5.1PECh. 8.4 - The dipole moment of chlorine monofluoride,...
Ch. 8.5 - Which of the these molecules has a Lewis structure...Ch. 8.5 -
How many valence electrons should appear in the...Ch. 8.5 - Compare the lewis symbol for neon the structure...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8.7.2PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.8.1PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.8.2PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.9.1PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.9.2PECh. 8.6 - Which of the statements about resonance is true?...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 8.10.2PECh. 8.7 - Prob. 8.11.1PECh. 8.7 - Prob. 8.11.2PECh. 8 - Prob. 1DECh. 8 - Prob. 1ECh. 8 - Prob. 2ECh. 8 - A portion of a two-dimensional "slab" of NaCl(s)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4ECh. 8 - Prob. 5ECh. 8 - Incomplete Lewis structures for the nitrous acid...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7ECh. 8 - Prob. 8ECh. 8 - Prob. 9ECh. 8 - True or false: The hydrogen atom is most stable...Ch. 8 - Consider the element silicon, Si. Write its...Ch. 8 - Write the electron configuration for the element...Ch. 8 - Prob. 13ECh. 8 - What is the Lewis symbol for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Using Lewis symbols, diagram the reaction between...Ch. 8 - Use Lewis symbols to represent the reaction that...Ch. 8 - Predict the chemical formula of the ionic compound...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18ECh. 8 - Prob. 19ECh. 8 - Prob. 20ECh. 8 - Is lattice energy usually endothermic or...Ch. 8 - NaCI and KF have the same crystal structure. The...Ch. 8 - Prob. 23ECh. 8 - Prob. 24ECh. 8 - Consider the ionic compounds KF, NaCl, NaBr, and...Ch. 8 - Which of the following trends in lattice energy is...Ch. 8 - Energy is required to remove two electrons from Ca...Ch. 8 - Prob. 28ECh. 8 - Use data from Appendix C, Figure 7.10, and Figure...Ch. 8 - Prob. 30ECh. 8 - Prob. 31ECh. 8 - Prob. 32ECh. 8 - Using Lewis symbols and Lewis structures, diagram...Ch. 8 - Use Lewis symbols and Lewis structures to diagram...Ch. 8 - Prob. 35ECh. 8 - Prob. 36ECh. 8 - Prob. 37ECh. 8 - What is the trend in electronegativity going from...Ch. 8 - Prob. 39ECh. 8 - By referring only to the periodic table, select...Ch. 8 - which of the following bonds are polar? B-F,...Ch. 8 - Arrange the bonds in each of the following sets in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 43ECh. 8 - Prob. 44ECh. 8 - In the following pairs of binary compounds,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 46ECh. 8 - Prob. 47ECh. 8 - Write Lewis structures for the following: H2CO...Ch. 8 - Prob. 49ECh. 8 - Draw the dominant Lewis structure for the...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 8 - Prob. 52ECh. 8 - Prob. 53ECh. 8 - Prob. 54ECh. 8 - Prob. 55ECh. 8 - Prob. 56ECh. 8 - Prob. 57ECh. 8 - Prob. 58ECh. 8 - Prob. 59ECh. 8 - Prob. 60ECh. 8 - Prob. 61ECh. 8 - 8.62 For Group 3A-7A elements in the third row of...Ch. 8 - Draw the Lewis structures for each of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 64ECh. 8 - In the vapor phase, BeCl2exists as a discrete...Ch. 8 -
8.66
Describe the molecule xenon trioxide, XeO3,...Ch. 8 -
8.67 There are many Lewis structures you could...Ch. 8 - Prob. 68ECh. 8 - Using Table 8.3, estimate H for each of the...Ch. 8 - Using Table 8.3, estimate H for the following...Ch. 8 - State whether each of these statements is true or...Ch. 8 - Prob. 72ECh. 8 - Prob. 73ECh. 8 - Prob. 74ECh. 8 - Prob. 75ECh. 8 - Prob. 76ECh. 8 - A new compound is made that has a C-C bond length...Ch. 8 - A new compound is made that has an N-N bond length...Ch. 8 - Prob. 79AECh. 8 - Prob. 80AECh. 8 - An ionic substance of formula MX has a lattice...Ch. 8 - Prob. 82AECh. 8 - Prob. 83AECh. 8 - Prob. 84AECh. 8 - Consider the collection of nonmetallic elements 0,...Ch. 8 - The substance chlorine monoxide, CIO(g), is...Ch. 8 -
[8.87]
a. using the electronegativities of Br...Ch. 8 - Prob. 88AECh. 8 - Although I3- is a known ion, F3- is not. a. Draw...Ch. 8 - Calculate the formal charge on the indicated atom...Ch. 8 - The hypochlorite ion, CIO- , is the active...Ch. 8 - Prob. 92AECh. 8 - a. Triazine, C3 H3N3, is like benzene except that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 94IECh. 8 - Prob. 95IECh. 8 - Prob. 96IECh. 8 - Prob. 97IECh. 8 - Prob. 98IECh. 8 - Prob. 99IECh. 8 - Prob. 100IECh. 8 - Prob. 101IECh. 8 - Prob. 102IECh. 8 -
8.103 The compound chloral hydrate, known in...Ch. 8 - Barium azide is 62.04% Ba and 37.96% N. Each azide...Ch. 8 - Acetylene (C2H2) and nitrogen (N2) both contain a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 106IECh. 8 - Prob. 107IECh. 8 -
8.108 Formic acid has the chemical formula...Ch. 8 - Prob. 109IECh. 8 - Prob. 110IE
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- Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardExplain the decomposition of nitroglycerin in terms of relative bond enthalpies.arrow_forwardWrite all resonance structures of chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl, a molecule with the same cyclic structure as benzene. In all structures, keep the CCl bond as a single bond. Which resonance structures are the most important?arrow_forward
- 2. Calculate the lattice energy of MgO, given the following: Mg(s) + ¼O:(g) → Mg0(s) AH = -602 kJ AH = 150 kJ AH = 737 kJ Mg(s) → Mg(g) O(g) + 2e (g) → 0*(g) 20(g)→0:(g) Mg(g) → Mg*(g) + 2 e (g) AH = -494 kJ AH = 2180 kJarrow_forwardArrange these compounds in order of increasing magnitude of lattice energy: KCl, SrO, RbBr, CaO.arrow_forwardThe lattice energy of CaO(s) is -3,460 kilojoules per mole; the lattice energy for K2O is -2,240 kilojoules per mole. Account for this difference.arrow_forward
- Based on the following information calculate the approximate lattice energy of MgCl2. The radius of Na+ is 1.5 times as large as Mg2+. The lattice energy for NaCl is 787 kJ/mole.arrow_forwardUse the Born-Haber cycle to calculate the lattice energy of KF. [The heat of sublimation of K is 91.6 kJ·mol−1 and ΔfH(KF) = −567.3 kJ·mol−1. Bond enthalpy for F2 is 158.8 kJ·mol−1. Other data may be found in the Ionization Energies Table and the Electron Affinities Table.]arrow_forwardRank the following ionic compounds in order of lattice energy, from the least exothermic (least negative lattice enthalpy) to the most exothermic (most negative lattice enthalpy): KCI, SrO, RbBr, CaOarrow_forward
- we would predict that the imaginary ionic compound XF would have a (higher /lower) lattice energy than YyF2 becausearrow_forward(A) Balance this reaction. Then use the bond enthapies given in the table below to calculate the enthalpy of reaction for the balanced reaction. kJ/mol(B) Balance this reaction. Then use the bond enthapies given in the table below to calculate the enthalpy of reaction for the balanced reaction. kJ/mol(C) Balance this reaction. Then use the bond enthapies given in the table below to calculate the enthalpy of reaction for the balanced reaction kJ/molarrow_forwardList the following ionic compounds in order of increasing lattice energy. CaO, MgO, KF, and RbFarrow_forward
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