Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 8, Problem 21BS
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The drugs taxol and vinblastine are discovered in developing areas, but because they are expensive, they primarily benefit people in developed regions, whether an individual sees a conflict in this or not.
Introduction:
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells. This may occur due to the activation of oncogenes or suppression of proto-oncogene. To treat the cancer specialized drugs are made like taxol and vinblastine which inhibit the mitotic spindle that prevents the growth of cells. These two drugs are natural and are often found in developing areas.
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Put a checkmark next to any of the following scenarios that would make it MORE likely that a cell would divide when it is not supposed to, increasing the chance that it would become cancerous. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.
A) A tumor suppressor gene is over-expressed
B) A cyclin gene is mutated so that it is expressed at all times during the cell cycle
C) A cyclin-dependent kinase gene is mutated so that in the Cdk is no longer dependent on its cyclin
D) A Cdk gene is mutated so that the Cdk protein is not made
E) Mutation of an oncogene that causes it to no longer be expressed
F) A proto-oncogene gene is expressed at higher than normal levels
G) The p53 gene is mutated so that no p53 protein is made
Part A and B
A. What below would be likely to lead to cancer development?
A) Overexpression of a cell cycle checkpoint inhibitor
B) Loss of expression of a growth factor that promotes cell cycle entry
C) Overexpression of a receptor tyrosine kinase that promotes cell cycle entry
D) Overexpression of a DNA damage repair enzyme
E) Loss of expression of a regulatory transcription factor that activates transcription of a cyclin
B. Taxols inhibit the proper function of microtubules and are frequently used as chemotherapy drugs. What is the function of microtubules during the cell cycle?
A) They promote the G1 to S checkpoint
B) They normally inhibit M phase from being completed
C) They form the mitotic spindle
E) They mediate DNA replication
F) They form the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis
A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination after two separate Pap
smears have shown dysplastic epithelial cells. Results of a molecular diagnostic test show DNA that
encodes high-risk versions of the human papillomavirus E6 and E7 proteins. The viral E6 protein
binds to the cellular p53 tumor suppressor gene, causing it to be degraded. Which of the following
best describes the mechanism by which the E6 protein causes cervical cancer?
(A) Arrests the cell cycle
(B) Enhances tissue invasion and metastasis
(C) Inhibits telomerase expression
(D) Prevents apoptosis
(E) Sustains angiogenesis
Chapter 8 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a function of...Ch. 8 - In what sense are the daughter cells produced by...Ch. 8 - Why is it hard to observe individual chromosomes...Ch. 8 - A biochemist measures the amount of DNA in cells...Ch. 8 - What phases of mitosis are opposite in terms of...Ch. 8 - Complete the following table to compare mitosis...Ch. 8 - If an intestinal cell in a dog contains 78...Ch. 8 - A micrograph of a dividing cell from a mouse shows...Ch. 8 - Prob. 9SQCh. 8 - Prob. 10SQ
Ch. 8 - Although nondisjunction is a random event, there...Ch. 8 - Prob. 12IMTCh. 8 - Prob. 13IMTCh. 8 - For each statement, identify which major theme is...Ch. 8 - A mule is the offspring of a horse and a donkey. A...Ch. 8 - You prepare a slide with a thin slice of an onion...Ch. 8 - Interpreting Data The graph shows the incidence of...Ch. 8 - If an endangered species can reproduce by...Ch. 8 - Every year, about a million Americans are...Ch. 8 - The practice of buying and selling gametes,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21BS
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Please select correct onearrow_forwardThe Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer. The HPV E6 and E7 proteins govern the cell via altering cellular proteins. The E6 protein interacts with the tumor suppressor protein p53 and directs its ubiquitin-mediated destruction. Can you elaborate about the P63 gene: its function and if it can be altered/mutated by HPV? If it does, what is the relationship between P53 and P63? Thank you!arrow_forwardDespite being small animals, naked mole rats are almost entirely resistant to cancer. Watch the following brief video on one potential mechanism for the prevention of cancer in naked mole rats. https://youtu.be/bhNBeuhxkF0?si=38aelHLW1N6vN8-b Based on what you know about mitosis and cancer cells, why would a mechanism that prevents cell crowding reduce the likelihood of cancer developing?arrow_forward
- 3) Examine the graph showing the relative percentage normal and cancer cells spend in various stages of the cell cycle. Based on the information in the graphs, infer how cancer cells differ from typical, noncancerous cells. Select ALL that apply. A) Cancer cells do not replicate their DNA. B) Cancer cells replicate their DNA too quickly. C) Cancer cells do not go through interphase during their cell cycle. D) Cancer cells spend more time dividing compared to typical cells. E) Cancer cells do not always grow to the same size as typical cells. more than 1 answer. not gradedarrow_forwardGive detailed Solution with explanation needed....give correct solution. don't use Ai for answering this..arrow_forwardImagine that there are mutations in the CDK genes such that their gene products are nonfunctional. What effect would this mutation have on an immature unspecialized blood cell precursor found in the bone marrow? The cell would not be able to reproduce itself. The cell would complete the cell cycle using cyclins in the absence of CDKS. The cell would be able to replicate its DNA but not translate DNA into RNA. The cell would be able to enter mitosis but not complete it. The cell would still phosphorylate the CDK-associated target proteins, and would do so more quickly.arrow_forward
- Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor-suppressor genes are widely available. These tests reveal a number of mutations in these genes—mutations that have been linked to familial breast cancer. Assume that a young woman in a suspected breast cancer family takes the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic tests and receives negative results. That is, she does not test positive for the mutant alleles of BRCA1 or BRCA2. Can she consider herself free of risk for breast cancer?arrow_forwardTumor growth rate is dependent on which of the following factors? A. B. C. D. Quantity of actively dividing cells Type of malignancy Staging at time of diagnosis Mitotic phase of the cell cyclearrow_forwardWhich is true for cancer cells: 1) Cell death occurs after a determined number of cell divisions 2) Contact with other cells reduces chance of cell division 3) Cell division occurs in the presence of stop signals.arrow_forward
- Looking at Figure 1, what did Romansik et al. (2007) find regarding the relationship between the mitotic index and tumor grades. Explain their findings in your own words. Use specific details from Figure 1. The research paper is here: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1354/vp.44-3-335arrow_forwardRead the scenario presented in the picture. The conditions employed in laboratory settings could mimic the outcomes of prolonged usage of tamoxifen and hormone deprivation therapy. We don't know much about the phenotypic profile of these newly emerged cancer cells. How might you explain the lack of response of TamC3 to tamoxifen treatment and TamR3 to estrogen deprivation?arrow_forwardRb and Ink4 Cdk inhibitors are able to slow cell cycle progression. : a) True b) Falsearrow_forward
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