Biology: How Life Works - Standalone book
Biology: How Life Works - Standalone book
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781464126093
Author: James Morris, Daniel Hartl, Andrew Knoll, Robert Lue, Melissa Michael, Andrew Berry, Andrew Biewener, Brian Farrell, N. Michele Holbrook
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 8, Problem 1QC
Summary Introduction

To determine:

How to produce carbohydrates containing heavy oxygen ( 18O ) isotope, whether by watering the plants with H218O or inject C18O2 into the air.

Introduction:

The ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions drive the second stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle. In Calvin cycle, the CO2 is incorporated into organic compounds, a process called carbon fixation. A total of three carbon dioxide molecules must enter the Calvin cycle to produce carbohydrates.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

Calvin cycle occurs in stroma and it uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to carbohydrates. Each turn of Calvin cycle fixes one carbon. The actual sugar product of the Calvin cycles is not glucose, but the three-carbon sugar, glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate. For the net synthesis of one glyceraldehyde-3-phospahte molecule, the cycle must take place three times, fixing three molecules of CO2 . To make one glucose molecule would require six cycles and fixation of six CO2 molecules.

The water is used in cycles only for the reduction reactions as when water molecules splits it provides electrons. To produce carbohydrates containing the heavy oxygen ( 18O ) isotope, the plants should injected with C18O2 into air.

Conclusion

C18O2 should be injected into air to produce the carbohydrates containing heavy oxygen

( 18O ).

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