Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134296012
Author: Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 18TYK
Suppose you read in the newspaper that a genetic engineering laboratory has developed a procedure for fusing two gametes from the same person (two eggs or two sperm) to form a zygote. The article mentions that an early step in the procedure prevents crossing over from occurring during the formation of the gametes in the donor’s body. The researchers are in the process of determining the genetic makeup of one of their new zygotes. Which of the following predictions do you think they would make? Justify your choice, and explain why you rejected each of the other choices.
a. The zygote would have 46 chromosomes, all of which came from the gamete donor (its one parent), so the zygote would be genetically identical to the gamete donor.
b. The zygote could be genetically identical to the gamete donor, but it is much more likely that it would have an unpredictable mixture of chromosomes from the gamete donor’s parents.
c. The zygote would not be genetically identical to the gamete donor, but it would be genetically identical to one of the donor’s parents.
d. The zygote would not be genetically identical to the gamete donor, but it would be genetically identical to one of the donor’s grandparents.
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A diploid organism produces four gametes from one parent cell through the process of meiosis. Two gametes are found to have 7 chromosomes and two gametes are found to have 5 chromosomes.
A) Is this the expected number of chromosomes that would be found in each gamete following a normal cycle of meiosis? If yes, explain why. If no, explain why not and describe how the gamete situation described above occurred.
B) Determine the number of homologous chromosome pairs that the original parent cell contained, before meiosis began. Explain how you determined this value.
Butterflies have an X-Y sex-determination system that is different from that of flies or humans. Female butterflies may be either XY or X0, while butterflies with two or more X chromosomes are males. This photograph shows a tiger swallowtail gynandromorph, which is half male (left side) and half female (right side). Given that the first division of the zygote divides the embryo into the future right and left halves of the butterfly, propose a hypothesis that explains how nondisjunction during the first mitosis might have produced this unusual-looking butterfly.
Question is also in the picture.
A.) In which parent did nondisjunction take place?
B.) How many Chromosomes would be in zygote 1, 2, and 3?
C.) Which zygote, if any, would be most likely to be healthy? Explain.
D.) Name the conditions the non-healthy zygotes have.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
Ch. 8 - Complete the following table to compare mitosis...Ch. 8 - If an intestinal cell in a grasshopper contains 24...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a function of...Ch. 8 - It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes...Ch. 8 - A fruit fly somatic cell contains 8 chromosomes....Ch. 8 - If a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then...Ch. 8 - Which of the following phases of mitosis is...Ch. 8 - A biochemist measured the amount of DNA in cells...Ch. 8 - A micrograph of a dividing cell from a mouse...Ch. 8 - Cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts...
Ch. 8 - Why are individuals with an extra chromosome 21,...Ch. 8 - In the light micrograph below of dividing cells...Ch. 8 - An organism called a plasmodial slime mold is one...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 8 - Discuss the factors that control the division of...Ch. 8 - Compare cytokinesis in plant and animal cells. In...Ch. 8 - Sketch a cell with three pairs of chromosomes...Ch. 8 - Suppose you read in the newspaper that a genetic...Ch. 8 - Bacteria are able to divide on a faster schedule...Ch. 8 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 8 - A mule is the offspring of a horse and a donkey. A...Ch. 8 - What you think of as a banana is a Cavendish, one...Ch. 8 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING The study described in Module...
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- Genes A and B are on different chromosomes. An individual has the genotype: AaBb You sequence two gametes produced by this individual and find one gamete has the genotype AB, and one has the genotype Ab. How can this one individual (genotype AaBb) produce two gametes with different genotypes (AB or Ab)? Your answer should describe a specific process which occurs during meiosis. At what stage of meiosis does this process occur?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Nondisjunction during anaphase I or anaphase II will have no effect on the gametes formed. b. More gametes will be affected if nondisjunction occurs during anaphase I than if nondisjunction occurs during anaphase II. c. More gametes will be affected if nondisjunction occurs during anaphase II than if nondisjunction occurs during anaphase I. d. Nondisjunction during anaphase I or anaphase II will have the same effect.arrow_forwardAfter genetic selection, some originally diploid species can become triploid, like for example some banana trees, grapevines and molluscs. These organisms are mostly sterile because they produce nearly no gametes. a) Make a drawing showing the chomosomes of a triploid cell where n = 2. b) Make a diagram showing how a triploid individual can be produced.arrow_forward
- Human sex chromosomes are XX for females and XY for males. a. With respect to an X-linked gene, how many different types of gametes can a male produce? b. If a female is homozygous for an X-linked allele, how many different types of gametes can she produce with respect to this allele? c. If a female is heterozygous for an X-linked allele, how many different types of gametes can she produce with respect to this allele?arrow_forwardAssume that a meiotic-nondisjunction event causes trisomy 8 in a newborn. If two of the three copies of chromosome 8 are absolutely identical, at what point during meiosis did the nondisjunction event take place?arrow_forwardSomatic cells in organisms of a certain diploid plant species normally have 14 chromosomes. The chromosomes in the gametes are numbered from 1 through 7. Rarely, zygotes are formed that contain more or fewer than 14 chromosomes. A zygote that has the chromosome composition 111 22 33 44 555 66 77 is 1. A.) Anueploid or B.)Euploid , and its chromosome complement can be described as 2. A). trisomic , B.)allotriploid , C. autotriploid for chromosomes 1 and 5. Pick the correct letter for 1 and 2.arrow_forward
- A specific human individual with a male sex has the same sex chromosome complement as a metafemale Drosophila fly. Both individuals have a diploid set of autosomes.i) What is the sex chromosome complement of these two individuals? ii) If these individuals were produced from a fertilization event involving an abnormal egg and abnormal sperm cell, provide the genetic make-up of the two gametes? Clearly indicate the male and female gametes.arrow_forwardUsing Figure 17-37, calculate what percentage of conceptions are triploid. The same figure shows XO in the spontaneous-abortion category; however, we know that manyXO individuals are viable. In which of the viable categories would XO be grouped?arrow_forwardShown below is a karyotype from a human being. How many total autosomes does this individual have? A) 2 B) 44 C) 46 D) 23arrow_forward
- On rare occasions, people are born with a condition known as uniparental disomy. It happens when an individual inherits both copies of achromosome from one parent and no copies from the other parent. Thisoccurs when two abnormal gametes happen to complement each otherto produce a diploid zygote. For example, an abnormal sperm thatlacks chromosome 15 could fertilize an egg that contains two copies ofchromosome 15. In this situation, the individual has maternal uniparental disomy 15 because both copies of chromosome 15 were inheritedfrom the mother. Alternatively, an abnormal sperm with two copies ofchromosome 15 could fertilize an egg with no copies. This is known aspaternal uniparental disomy 15. If a female is born with paternal uniparental disomy 15, would you expect her to be phenotypically normal,have Angelman syndrome (AS), or have Prader-Willi syndrome(PWS)? Explain. Would you expect her to produce normal offspring oroffspring affected with AS or PWS?arrow_forwardMutations in genes that affect meiosis have been identified in many different model organisms. Most of these mutations result in aneuploidy of more than a single chromosome and are nearly sterile. Explain why this is the case.arrow_forwardimagine a giraffe whose diploid is 30. A)Under what circumstances would the giraffe go through a process of meiosis? . b) what will be the final result of this meiosis for the giraffe (# of cells + # of chromosomes/cells)arrow_forward
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