Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8, Problem 10TY
The benefit of second messengers in signal transduction pathways is
- an increase in the speed of a cellular response.
- duplication of the ligands in the system.
- amplification of the signal.
- all of the above.
- a and c only.
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Proteases are enzymes that destroy proteins. Application of these enzymes to an intact cell strips the proteins off the cell
surface. If a specific signaling molecule is added to cells stripped of surface proteins and the cell still responds, what must be
true of the signaling pathway?
The receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel.
The signaling molecule doesn't need a receptor.
The signal can directly activate the second messenger system and does not need to activate the receptor.
The receptor for this signal is inside the cell, and the signaling molecule is nonpolar and can diffuse into the cell.
If a metabotropic (GPCR) receptor is activated, all of the following can occur except
for
Opening of a G protein-gated ion channel.
Changes in gene expression.
Opening of an ion channel within the receptor.
Changes in the levels of a second messenger.
In the transduction pathway, protein kinase C (select all that apply):
O Is activated by the second messenger IP3.
Phosphorylates the Gq protein.
Cleaves PIP2 into two different second messengers.
Adds a phosphate group to the effector protein.
O Is activated by the second messenger CAMP.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 8.1 - What is the signaling molecule in this example?Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 8.1 - A general reason for cell signaling is to respond...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8.3 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 8.3 - What has to happen for the a and subunits of the...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.3 - After a G-protein-coupled receptor is activated,...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.5 - Look ahead to Figures 13.9 and, in particular,...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 8.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 8 - Prob. 1TYCh. 8 - Prob. 2TYCh. 8 - Prob. 3TYCh. 8 - Prob. 4TYCh. 8 - Which of the following is not an example of a cell...Ch. 8 - Prob. 6TYCh. 8 - The EGF receptor functions as a receptor tyrosine...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8TYCh. 8 - Prob. 9TYCh. 8 - The benefit of second messengers in signal...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 8 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 8 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 8 - Discuss and compare several different types of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Choose 1 or more than 1 Which of the following statements applies to G proteins? G protein-coupled receptors transduce signal from outside to inside the cell. G proteins are in the Golgi apparatus as indicated by their name. G proteins have a similar structure. G proteins activate transduction cascades leading to cell responses. G proteins are the targets of medicinal drugs..arrow_forwardChoose the best term which describe the following statement: antagonist binds to the binding site of receptor and change the shape: Select one: Incorrect Induced fit. Correct induced fit. Signal transduction. Perfect fit.arrow_forwardComplete the Venn diagram that compares stimulatory with inhibitory signal transductionpathways.Inhibitory signaltransduction pathwayStimulatory signaltransduction pathwayarrow_forward
- Which of the following describes the way in which phosphorylation cascades can improve signal transduction efficiency in a signal transduction pathway? A B с D They facilitate the amplification of the initial signal. They counter the effects of protein phosphatases. They ensure the production of the correct cellular response. They decrease the speed of signal transduction in the pathway.arrow_forwardHow is the response to a signal regulated? Why is it often specific? Expain step by step in simple words please.arrow_forwardsignal pathways in the body increase or decrease the signaling via a certain neurotransmitter (= signal substance), give the mechanism on how the signal can be inhibititorymedication or excitation medicationarrow_forward
- Compound C is a pharmaceutical agent that blocks AMPK activity. How might compound C influence adaptation following resistance exercise? How might compound C influence adaptation following endurance exercise? Be specific and remember this section is Molecular Signalingarrow_forwardWhen protein membrane receptors are activated, what usually happens? The receptors open and close in response to protein signals. A change occurs on only one membrane surface: exterior or interior. The receptor preferentially binds with lipid or glycolipid signal molecules. O A change occurs in intracellular ion concentration. O The receptor changes conformation after binding with the ligand.arrow_forwardDescribe how a signal cascade may be terminated and explain why it is important to terminate signals.arrow_forward
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