(a) Interpretation: Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined. 160, 000 amu of oxygen Concept Introduction: Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12 t h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Question

A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M. Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth, the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0. Assumptions: Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid H H :0:0: H-C-C H :0: O-H Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water. Temperature is 25°C 1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to include state symbols.…

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 105AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

160, 000 amu of oxygen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

8139.81 amu of nitrogen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

13, 490 amu of aluminium

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

5040 amu of hydrogen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

367, 495.15 amu of sodium

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

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A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M. Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth, the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0. Assumptions: Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid H H :0:0: H-C-C H :0: O-H Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water. Temperature is 25°C 1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to include state symbols.…

Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. :0: :0 H. 0:0 :0: :6: S: :0: Select to Edit Arrows ::0 Select to Edit Arrows H :0: H :CI: Rotation Select to Edit Arrows H. < :0: :0: :0: S:

3:48 PM Fri Apr 4 K Problem 4 of 10 Submit Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Mg. :0: Select to Add Arrows :0: :Br: Mg :0: :0: Select to Add Arrows Mg. Br: :0: 0:0- Br -190 H 0:0 Select to Add Arrows Select to Add Arrows neutralizing workup H CH3

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 105AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

160, 000 amu of oxygen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

8139.81 amu of nitrogen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

13, 490 amu of aluminium

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

5040 amu of hydrogen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

367, 495.15 amu of sodium

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 105AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

160, 000 amu of oxygen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

8139.81 amu of nitrogen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

13, 490 amu of aluminium

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

5040 amu of hydrogen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

367, 495.15 amu of sodium

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 105AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

160, 000 amu of oxygen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

8139.81 amu of nitrogen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

13, 490 amu of aluminium

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

5040 amu of hydrogen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

367, 495.15 amu of sodium

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 105AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

160, 000 amu of oxygen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

8139.81 amu of nitrogen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

13, 490 amu of aluminium

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

5040 amu of hydrogen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

367, 495.15 amu of sodium

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 105AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

160, 000 amu of oxygen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 105AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

160, 000 amu of oxygen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

8139.81 amu of nitrogen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

8139.81 amu of nitrogen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

13, 490 amu of aluminium

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

13, 490 amu of aluminium

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

5040 amu of hydrogen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

5040 amu of hydrogen

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

367, 495.15 amu of sodium

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Using the average atomic masses, the number of atoms of the sample should be determined.

367, 495.15 amu of sodium

Concept Introduction:

Atomic mass unit measures mass in an atomic scale, it is a standard unit for mass. Here, 1 amu is equal to the mass of either one proton or neutron and equals to 1 g/mol. Atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12^t^h of the mass of C-12 atom. For example, if average atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 thus, it is the mass of 1 carbon atom.

Answer 16

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Solution Summary: The author explains how the average atomic masses determine the number of atoms of the sample.

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