Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction. Concept Introduction: Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E 1 and E 2 . E 1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration. r ∝ [substrate] E 2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration. r ∝ [substrate] [ base ] Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7.6, Problem 11CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

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There are 48 pairs of students in the following table. Each pair has quantitatively determined the mass of taurine in a 250 mL can of the popular energy drink marketed as “Munster” using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The class results are presented below: QUESTION: Summarise and report these results including an indication of measurement uncertainty. In both calculation samples calculate if an outlier is present, max value, number of samples, mean, standard deviation, g (suspect), g (critical) and t (critical). Mass of Taurine (mg) Mass of Taurine (mg) (Table continued) 152.01 152.23 151.87 151.45 154.11 152.64 152.98 153.24 152.88 151.45 153.49 152.48 150.68 152.33 151.52 153.63 152.48 151.68 153.17 153.40 153.77 153.67 152.34 153.16 152.57 153.02 152.86 151.50 151.23 152.57 152.72 151.54 146.47 152.38 152.44 152.54 152.53 152.54 151.32…

Indicate the rate expressions for reactions that have order 0, 1, and 2.

PROBLEMS Q1) Label the following salts as either acidic, basic, or neutral a) Fe(NOx) c) AlBr b) NH.CH COO d) HCOON (1/2 mark each) e) Fes f) NaBr Q2) What is the pH of a 0.0750 M solution of sulphuric acid?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7.6, Problem 11CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7.6, Problem 11CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7.6, Problem 11CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

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Answer 5

Chapter 7.6, Problem 11CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

Answer 6

Chapter 7.6, Problem 11CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

Answer 7

Chapter 7.6, Problem 11CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction should be predicted at given the concentration of substrate and reagent for a second order reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination reaction: In elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base. Elimination reactions are two types, E1 and E2.

E1 reaction: elimination follows stepwise mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends only on substrate concentration.

r∝[substrate]

E2 reaction: elimination follows concerted pathway of mechanism. Rate of the reaction depends on both substrates as well as reagent concentration.

r∝[substrate][base]

Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 3PTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 4ATS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 5PTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 6ATS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 8CC

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Chapter 7 Solutions