The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted. Concept Introduction: S N 2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction. S N 1 Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction. Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism. General concepts regarding substitution and elimination: Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent. If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows S N 2 mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For S N 2 mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile. If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows S N 1 mechanism rather than S N 2 mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile). If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 77PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 77PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 77PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 77PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 77PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 77PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 77PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 18

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 19

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major products for the given reaction have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

$SN2$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

$SN1$ Reaction: it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

General concepts regarding substitution and elimination:

Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.

If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows $SN2$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For $SN2$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.

If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows $SN1$ mechanism rather than $SN2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile).

If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.

Answer 20

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Answer 21

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 22

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Answer 23

Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 3PTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 4ATS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 5PTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 6ATS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 8CC

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