Calculus & Its Applications
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780137590896
Author: Larry J. Goldstein; David C. Lay; David I. Schneider; Nakhle H. Asmar; William Edward Tavernetti
Publisher: Pearson Education (US)
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7.4, Problem 24E
Solve the following exercises by the method of Lagrange multipliers.
Maximizing Profit A firm makes
(See Exercise 23.) Suppose profits are
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Students have asked these similar questions
A ladder 25 feet long is leaning against the wall of a building. Initially, the foot of the ladder is 7 feet from the wall. The foot of the ladder begins to slide at a rate of 2 ft/sec, causing the top of the ladder to slide down the wall. The location of the foot of the ladder, its x coordinate, at time t seconds is given by
x(t)=7+2t.
wall
y(1)
25 ft. ladder
x(1)
ground
(a) Find the formula for the location of the top of the ladder, the y coordinate, as a function of time t. The formula for y(t)= √ 25² - (7+2t)²
(b) The domain of t values for y(t) ranges from 0
(c) Calculate the average velocity of the top of the ladder on each of these time intervals (correct to three decimal places):
. (Put your cursor in the box, click and a palette will come up to help you enter your symbolic answer.)
time interval
ave velocity
[0,2]
-0.766
[6,8]
-3.225
time interval
ave velocity
-1.224
-9.798
[2,4]
[8,9]
(d) Find a time interval [a,9] so that the average velocity of the top of the ladder on this…
Total marks 15
3.
(i)
Let FRN Rm be a mapping and x = RN is a given
point. Which of the following statements are true? Construct counterex-
amples for any that are false.
(a)
If F is continuous at x then F is differentiable at x.
(b)
If F is differentiable at x then F is continuous at x.
If F is differentiable at x then F has all 1st order partial
(c)
derivatives at x.
(d) If all 1st order partial derivatives of F exist and are con-
tinuous on RN then F is differentiable at x.
[5 Marks]
(ii) Let mappings
F= (F1, F2) R³ → R² and
G=(G1, G2) R² → R²
:
be defined by
F₁ (x1, x2, x3) = x1 + x²,
G1(1, 2) = 31,
F2(x1, x2, x3) = x² + x3,
G2(1, 2)=sin(1+ y2).
By using the chain rule, calculate the Jacobian matrix of the mapping
GoF R3 R²,
i.e., JGoF(x1, x2, x3). What is JGOF(0, 0, 0)?
(iii)
[7 Marks]
Give reasons why the mapping Go F is differentiable at
(0, 0, 0) R³ and determine the derivative matrix D(GF)(0, 0, 0).
[3 Marks]
5.
(i)
Let f R2 R be defined by
f(x1, x2) = x² - 4x1x2 + 2x3.
Find all local minima of f on R².
(ii)
[10 Marks]
Give an example of a function f: R2 R which is not bounded
above and has exactly one critical point, which is a minimum. Justify briefly
Total marks 15
your answer.
[5 Marks]
Chapter 7 Solutions
Calculus & Its Applications
Ch. 7.1 - Let f(x,y,z)=x2+y(xz)4. Compute f(3,5,2).Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 7.1 - Let f(x,y)=x23xyy2. Compute f(5,0),f(5,2) and...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2ECh. 7.1 - Let g(x,y,z)=x/(yz). Compute g(1,1),g(0,1) and...Ch. 7.1 - Let f(x,y,z)=x2ey2+z2. Compute f(1,1,1) and...Ch. 7.1 - Let f(x,y)=xy. Show that f(2+h,3)f(2,3)=3h.Ch. 7.1 - Let f(x,y)=xy. Show that f(2,3+k)f(2,3)=2k.Ch. 7.1 - Cost Find a formula C(x,y,z) that gives the cost...Ch. 7.1 - Cost Find a formula C(x,y,z) that gives the cost...
Ch. 7.1 - Consider the cobb-Douglas production function...Ch. 7.1 - Let f(x,y)=10x25y35. Show that f(3a,3b)=3f(a,b).Ch. 7.1 - Present value The present value of A dollars to be...Ch. 7.1 - Refer to Example 3. If labor costs $100 per unit...Ch. 7.1 - Tax and Homeowner Exemption The value of...Ch. 7.1 - Tax and Homeowner Exemption Let f(r,v,x) be the...Ch. 7.1 - Draw the level curve of height 0,1 and 2 for the...Ch. 7.1 - Draw the level curve of height 0,1 and 2 for the...Ch. 7.1 - Draw the level curve of function f(x,y)=xy...Ch. 7.1 - Draw the level curve of function f(x,y)=xy...Ch. 7.1 - Find the function f(x,y) that has line y=3x4 as a...Ch. 7.1 - Find the function f(x,y) that has the curve y=2x2...Ch. 7.1 - Suppose that a topographic map is viewed as the...Ch. 7.1 - Isocost Lines A certain production process uses...Ch. 7.1 - Match the graphs of the functions in Exercises...Ch. 7.1 - Match the graphs of the functions in Exercises...Ch. 7.1 - Match the graphs of the functions in Exercises...Ch. 7.1 - Match the graphs of the functions in Exercises...Ch. 7.2 - The number of TV sets an appliance store sells per...Ch. 7.2 - The monthly mortgage payment for a house is a...Ch. 7.2 - Find fxandfy for each of the following functions....Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 2ECh. 7.2 - Find fxandfy for each of the following function....Ch. 7.2 - Find fxandfy for each of the following function....Ch. 7.2 - Find fxandfy for each of the following function....Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 6ECh. 7.2 - Find fxandfy for each of the following function....Ch. 7.2 - Find fxandfy for each of the following function....Ch. 7.2 - Find fxandfy for each of the following function....Ch. 7.2 - Find fxandfy for each of the following function....Ch. 7.2 - Find fxandfy for each of the following function....Ch. 7.2 - Find fxandfy for each of the following function....Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 13ECh. 7.2 - Let f(p,q)=1p(1+q). Find fq and fp.Ch. 7.2 - Let f(x,y,z)=(1+x2y)/z. fx,fy,andfz.Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 16ECh. 7.2 - Let f(x,y,z)=xzeyz. Find fx,fy,andfz.Ch. 7.2 - Let f(x,y,z)=xyz. Find fx,fz,andfz.Ch. 7.2 - Let f(x,y,z)=x2+2xy+y2+3x+5y. Find...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 20ECh. 7.2 - Let f(x,y)=xy2+5. Evaluate fy at (x,y)=(2,1) and...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 22ECh. 7.2 - Prob. 23ECh. 7.2 - Prob. 24ECh. 7.2 - Prob. 25ECh. 7.2 - ProductivityLabor and Capital The productivity of...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 27ECh. 7.2 - Prob. 28ECh. 7.2 - Let p1 be the average price of MP3 players, p2 the...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 30ECh. 7.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 7.2 - Prob. 32ECh. 7.2 - Prob. 33ECh. 7.2 - Prob. 34ECh. 7.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 7.2 - Compute 2fy2, where f(x,y)=60x3/4y1/4, a...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 37ECh. 7.2 - Prob. 38ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 7.3 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 7.3 - Prob. 1ECh. 7.3 - Find all points (x,y) where f(x,y) has a possible...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 7.3 - Find all points (x,y) where f(x,y) has a possible...Ch. 7.3 - Find all points (x,y) where f(x,y) has a possible...Ch. 7.3 - Find all points (x,y) where f(x,y) has a possible...Ch. 7.3 - Find all points (x,y) where f(x,y) has a possible...Ch. 7.3 - Find all points (x,y) where f(x,y) has a possible...Ch. 7.3 - Find all points (x,y) where f(x,y) has a possible...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 14ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 15ECh. 7.3 - Find all points (x,y) where f(x,y) has a possible...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 17ECh. 7.3 - The function f(x,y)=12x2+2xy+9+3y2x+2y has a...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 19ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 20ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 21ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 22ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 23ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 24ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 25ECh. 7.3 - Find all points (x,y) where f(x,y) has a possible...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 27ECh. 7.3 - Find all points (x,y) where f(x,y) has a possible...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 29ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 30ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 31ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 32ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 33ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 34ECh. 7.3 - Find all points f(x,y) has a possible relative...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 36ECh. 7.3 - Find all points f(x,y) has a possible relative...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 38ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 39ECh. 7.3 - Find all points f(x,y) has a possible relative...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 41ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 42ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 43ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 44ECh. 7.3 - Find all points f(x,y) has a possible relative...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 46ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 47ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 48ECh. 7.3 - Prob. 49ECh. 7.3 - Minimizing Surface Area Find the dimensions of the...Ch. 7.3 - Maximizing Profit A company manufactures and sells...Ch. 7.3 - Maximizing Profit A monopolist manufactures and...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 53ECh. 7.3 - Revenue from Two Products A company manufactures...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 7.4 - Refer to Exercise 29 of Section 7.3. What is the...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 2ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 3ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 4ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 5ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 6ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 7ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 8ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 9ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 10ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 11ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 12ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 13ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 14ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 15ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 16ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 17ECh. 7.4 - Solve the following exercises by the method of...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 19ECh. 7.4 - Solve the following exercises by the method of...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 21ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 22ECh. 7.4 - Solve the following exercises by the method of...Ch. 7.4 - Solve the following exercises by the method of...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 25ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 26ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 27ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 28ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 29ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 30ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 31ECh. 7.4 - Use Lagrange multipliers to find the three...Ch. 7.4 - Minimizing Surface Area Find the dimensions of an...Ch. 7.4 - Maximizing Volume A shelter for use at the beach...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 35ECh. 7.4 - Prob. 36ECh. 7.5 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1ECh. 7.5 - Find the least-squares error E for the...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 3ECh. 7.5 - Prob. 4ECh. 7.5 - Prob. 5ECh. 7.5 - Prob. 6ECh. 7.5 - Prob. 7ECh. 7.5 - Prob. 8ECh. 7.5 - Prob. 9ECh. 7.5 - Prob. 10ECh. 7.5 - In the remaining exercises, use one or more of the...Ch. 7.5 - In the remaining exercises, use one or more of the...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 13ECh. 7.5 - Prob. 14ECh. 7.5 - Prob. 15ECh. 7.6 - Calculate the iterated integral 02(0x/2e2yxdy)dx.Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1ECh. 7.6 - Prob. 2ECh. 7.6 - Prob. 3ECh. 7.6 - Calculate the following iterated integrals....Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 5ECh. 7.6 - Calculate the following iterated integrals....Ch. 7.6 - Calculate the following iterated integrals....Ch. 7.6 - Calculate the following iterated integrals....Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 9ECh. 7.6 - Prob. 10ECh. 7.6 - Prob. 11ECh. 7.6 - Prob. 12ECh. 7.6 - Prob. 13ECh. 7.6 - Calculate the volumes over the following regions R...Ch. 7 - Give an example of a level curve of a function of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 3FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 4FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 5FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 6FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 7FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 8FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 9FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 10FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 11FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 12FCCECh. 7 - Prob. 1RECh. 7 - Prob. 2RECh. 7 - Prob. 3RECh. 7 - Prob. 4RECh. 7 - Prob. 5RECh. 7 - Prob. 6RECh. 7 - Prob. 7RECh. 7 - Prob. 8RECh. 7 - Prob. 9RECh. 7 - Prob. 10RECh. 7 - Prob. 11RECh. 7 - Prob. 12RECh. 7 - Prob. 13RECh. 7 - Let fx,y=2x3+x2yy2. Compute 2fx2,2fy2, and 2fxy at...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15RECh. 7 - Prob. 16RECh. 7 - Prob. 17RECh. 7 - In Exercises 1720, find all points (x,y) where...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19RECh. 7 - In Exercises 1720, find all points (x,y) where...Ch. 7 - In Exercises 2123, find all points (x,y) where...Ch. 7 - Prob. 22RECh. 7 - Prob. 23RECh. 7 - Find the values of x,y,z at which...Ch. 7 - Prob. 25RECh. 7 - Prob. 26RECh. 7 - Prob. 27RECh. 7 - Prob. 28RECh. 7 - Use the method of Lagrange multiplier to: A person...Ch. 7 - Use the method of Lagrange multiplier to: The...Ch. 7 - Prob. 31RECh. 7 - Prob. 32RECh. 7 - Prob. 33RECh. 7 - Prob. 34RECh. 7 - Prob. 35RECh. 7 - Prob. 36RECh. 7 - Prob. 37RECh. 7 - Prob. 38RE
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- Total marks 15 4. : Let f R2 R be defined by f(x1, x2) = 2x²- 8x1x2+4x+2. Find all local minima of f on R². [10 Marks] (ii) Give an example of a function f R2 R which is neither bounded below nor bounded above, and has no critical point. Justify briefly your answer. [5 Marks]arrow_forward4. Let F RNR be a mapping. (i) x ЄRN ? (ii) : What does it mean to say that F is differentiable at a point [1 Mark] In Theorem 5.4 in the Lecture Notes we proved that if F is differentiable at a point x E RN then F is continuous at x. Proof. Let (n) CRN be a sequence such that xn → x ЄERN as n → ∞. We want to show that F(xn) F(x), which means F is continuous at x. Denote hnxn - x, so that ||hn|| 0. Thus we find ||F(xn) − F(x)|| = ||F(x + hn) − F(x)|| * ||DF (x)hn + R(hn) || (**) ||DF(x)hn||+||R(hn)||| → 0, because the linear mapping DF(x) is continuous and for all large nЄ N, (***) ||R(hn) || ||R(hn) || ≤ → 0. ||hn|| (a) Explain in details why ||hn|| → 0. [3 Marks] (b) Explain the steps labelled (*), (**), (***). [6 Marks]arrow_forward4. In Theorem 5.4 in the Lecture Notes we proved that if F: RN → Rm is differentiable at x = RN then F is continuous at x. Proof. Let (xn) CRN be a sequence such that x → x Є RN as n → ∞. We want F(x), which means F is continuous at x. to show that F(xn) Denote hn xnx, so that ||hn||| 0. Thus we find ||F (xn) − F(x) || (*) ||F(x + hn) − F(x)|| = ||DF(x)hn + R(hn)|| (**) ||DF(x)hn|| + ||R(hn) || → 0, because the linear mapping DF(x) is continuous and for all large n = N, |||R(hn) || ≤ (***) ||R(hn)|| ||hn|| → 0. Explain the steps labelled (*), (**), (***) [6 Marks] (ii) Give an example of a function F: RR such that F is contin- Total marks 10 uous at x=0 but F is not differentiable at at x = 0. [4 Marks]arrow_forward
- 3. Let f R2 R be a function. (i) Explain in your own words the relationship between the existence of all partial derivatives of f and differentiability of f at a point x = R². (ii) Consider R2 → R defined by : [5 Marks] f(x1, x2) = |2x1x2|1/2 Show that af af -(0,0) = 0 and -(0, 0) = 0, Jx1 მx2 but f is not differentiable at (0,0). [10 Marks]arrow_forward(1) Write the following quadratic equation in terms of the vertex coordinates.arrow_forwardThe final answer is 8/π(sinx) + 8/3π(sin 3x)+ 8/5π(sin5x)....arrow_forward
- Keity x२ 1. (i) Identify which of the following subsets of R2 are open and which are not. (a) A = (2,4) x (1, 2), (b) B = (2,4) x {1,2}, (c) C = (2,4) x R. Provide a sketch and a brief explanation to each of your answers. [6 Marks] (ii) Give an example of a bounded set in R2 which is not open. [2 Marks] (iii) Give an example of an open set in R2 which is not bounded. [2 Marksarrow_forward2. (i) Which of the following statements are true? Construct coun- terexamples for those that are false. (a) sequence. Every bounded sequence (x(n)) nEN C RN has a convergent sub- (b) (c) (d) Every sequence (x(n)) nEN C RN has a convergent subsequence. Every convergent sequence (x(n)) nEN C RN is bounded. Every bounded sequence (x(n)) EN CRN converges. nЄN (e) If a sequence (xn)nEN C RN has a convergent subsequence, then (xn)nEN is convergent. [10 Marks] (ii) Give an example of a sequence (x(n))nEN CR2 which is located on the parabola x2 = x², contains infinitely many different points and converges to the limit x = (2,4). [5 Marks]arrow_forward2. (i) What does it mean to say that a sequence (x(n)) nEN CR2 converges to the limit x E R²? [1 Mark] (ii) Prove that if a set ECR2 is closed then every convergent sequence (x(n))nen in E has its limit in E, that is (x(n)) CE and x() x x = E. [5 Marks] (iii) which is located on the parabola x2 = = x x4, contains a subsequence that Give an example of an unbounded sequence (r(n)) nEN CR2 (2, 16) and such that x(i) converges to the limit x = (2, 16) and such that x(i) # x() for any i j. [4 Marksarrow_forward
- 1. (i) which are not. Identify which of the following subsets of R2 are open and (a) A = (1, 3) x (1,2) (b) B = (1,3) x {1,2} (c) C = AUB (ii) Provide a sketch and a brief explanation to each of your answers. [6 Marks] Give an example of a bounded set in R2 which is not open. (iii) [2 Marks] Give an example of an open set in R2 which is not bounded. [2 Marks]arrow_forward2. if limit. Recall that a sequence (x(n)) CR2 converges to the limit x = R² lim ||x(n)x|| = 0. 818 - (i) Prove that a convergent sequence (x(n)) has at most one [4 Marks] (ii) Give an example of a bounded sequence (x(n)) CR2 that has no limit and has accumulation points (1, 0) and (0, 1) [3 Marks] (iii) Give an example of a sequence (x(n))neN CR2 which is located on the hyperbola x2 1/x1, contains infinitely many different Total marks 10 points and converges to the limit x = (2, 1/2). [3 Marks]arrow_forward3. (i) Consider a mapping F: RN Rm. Explain in your own words the relationship between the existence of all partial derivatives of F and dif- ferentiability of F at a point x = RN. (ii) [3 Marks] Calculate the gradient of the following function f: R2 → R, f(x) = ||x||3, Total marks 10 where ||x|| = √√√x² + x/2. [7 Marks]arrow_forward
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