Inquiry into Life
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780073525525
Author: Mader, Sylvia S./
Publisher: McGraw-Hill College
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Chapter 7.2, Problem 1CYP
Explain why there is an energy-investment phase and energy-harvesting phase to glycolysis.
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In each of two steps during the "Energy payoff stage" of glycolysis, ATP is generated when an enzyme uses one of the phosphate groups attached to one of the ends of a 3-carbon intermediate molecule to phosphorylate (add a phosphate group) ADP, forming ATP. This mechanism of producing ATP from ADP and a phosphate group is known as:
Question 9 options:
substrate level phosphorylation
redox phosphorylation
lactic acid fermentation
oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis is often split up into three phases: 1. Energy Investment 2. Sugar Splitting and 3. Energy Payoff. After splitting the 6-carbon sugar, Fructose 1,6-biphosphate, 4 ATP are generated by substrate-level phosphorylation. What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
A. ATP generated by chemiosmosis
B. ATP generated by the direct transfer of a phosphate from an organic molecule to ADP
C. ATP generated by the fermentation of alcohol
D. Transfer of phosphates between glucose molecules
E. All of the above
How does the “investment phase” of glycolysis effect the net yield of ATP in that pathway?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Inquiry into Life
Ch. 7.1 - Describe the overall equation for cellular...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 7.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 7.1 - Explain the role of NAD+ and FAD in cellular...Ch. 7.1 - Distinguish between the aerobic and anaerobic...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 7.2 - Describe the location and inputs and outputs of...Ch. 7.2 - Explain why ATP is both an input and output of...Ch. 7.2 - Explain why there is an energy-investment phase...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 2CYP
Ch. 7.3 - Explain how ATP can continue to be produced in the...Ch. 7.3 - Describe the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 7.3 - Describe the environmental conditions that would...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.4 - Summarize the inputs and outputs of the...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 7.4 - How might a meal of a cheeseburger and fries be...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2QTCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.4 - Discuss why there is variation in the number of...Ch. 7 - Prob. S2.5BYBCh. 7 - Prob. S3.3BYBCh. 7 - Figure 6.3 How does the ATP cycle resemble a...Ch. 7 - What are the differences between the aerobic and...Ch. 7 - How is the energy of a glucose molecule harvested...Ch. 7 - How are other organic nutrients, such as proteins...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ACh. 7 - Prob. 2ACh. 7 - Prob. 3ACh. 7 - Prob. 4ACh. 7 - Prob. 5ACh. 7 - Prob. 6ACh. 7 - Prob. 7ACh. 7 - Prob. 8ACh. 7 - Prob. 9ACh. 7 - Prob. 10ACh. 7 - Prob. 11ACh. 7 - Prob. 12ACh. 7 - Prob. 13ACh. 7 - Prob. 14ACh. 7 - Prob. 15ACh. 7 - Bacteria do not have mitochondria, and yet they...Ch. 7 - Rotenone is a broad-spectrum insecticide that...Ch. 7 - Some fat-burning compounds accelerate the movement...
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- In one of the steps of glycolysis, the enzyme pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate; the phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate is transferred to ADP to form ATP during the reaction. This process is an example of: A) O ATP synthesis by substrate-level phosphorylation B) O coupling an energy releasing process to an energy requiring process C) O oxidative phosphorylation D) OB and C are correct E) OA and B are correctarrow_forwardIn which step of glycolysis does each of the following occurs? second substrate-level phosphorylation reaction first ATP-consuming reaction third isomerization reaction use of NAD+ as an OAarrow_forwardHow many ATPs are formed in glycolysis if you remove those used in the investment phase?arrow_forward
- A7) Name the two enzymes that conduct substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysisarrow_forwardc) Some scientists debate whether it is correct to consider pyruvate as “the end of glycolysis”. Elaborate on this statement, discussing supporting and limiting facts.arrow_forwardConsider the net summary equation for glycolysis. Suppose 13 molecules of glucose enter glycolysis. Calculate the number of molecules produced or used (a-d) upon completion of glycolysis utilizing all 13 glucose molecules. (a) # P; used (b) # pyruvates produced (c) # NADH produced (d) #ADP used.arrow_forward
- Use drawings, flow charts, or a table to compare and contrast the energy inputs and outputs during each phase of aerobic respiration vs. fermentation. Be sure to directly discuss inputs and outputs of BOTH processes. Include all phosphorylated compounds and high-energy electron carriers, and briefly EXPLAIN HOW these are produced at each stage of respiration. WHERE does each stage happen? Explain HOW energy from high energy electron carriers is converted to ATP during respiration in mitochondria or aerobic bacteria.arrow_forwardIndicate at what step in the glycolysis pathway each of the following events occur 1. First phosphorylation of ADP occurs 2. First “energy rich” compound is produced 3. Second “energy rich” compound undergoes reaction 4. First isomerization reaction occurs 5. Second formation of ATP occurs 6. Second “energy rich” compound is produced 7. ATP is converted to ADP for the second time 8. A dehydration reaction occursarrow_forwardplease see attachedarrow_forward
- List the following steps of cellular respiration in order - glycolysis-energy investment phase -pyruvate enters mitochondria -TCA cycle -glycoysis-energy payoff phase -formation of acetly-CoA -electron transport chainarrow_forwardFor Glycolysis what are steps of cellular respiration for both aerobic (oxygen present) and anaerobic (without oxygen) respiration. what are the Inputs and Outputs: Clearly indicate the key substrates, intermediates, and products at each stage. Location: Show where this stage of cellular respiration occurs within the cell (e.g., cytoplasm, mitochondria). Energy Production: Highlight the ATP and NADH production at this stage. Oxygen: Show where oxygen is used in the process (e.g., ETC) and where carbon dioxide is produced. Electron Carriers: Indicate the role of electron carriers such as NAD+ and FAD in transferring eleDiagrams: Use diagrams or icons to represent the structures and molecules involved, such as the mitochondria, glucose, ATP, and oxygen. Key Information like important facts or formulas relevant to cellular respiration, like the chemical equations for each stage.arrow_forwardIn the conversion of G3P into pyruvate at the end of glycolysis, which of the following does NOT occur? electron carriers are reduced inorganic phosphate is added to the carbon structure substrate level phosphorylation resulting in ADP à ATP carbon is released as CO2arrow_forward
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