Chapter 7.11, Problem 40ATS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given data, the structure of the given unknown compound has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Leaving group: It is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

Structure of the substrate plays major role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction. If the substrate is more substituted then the rate of the reaction will becomes slower. Since the mechanism of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate, it depends on steric factor that if more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.