FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781119634928
Author: Borgnakke
Publisher: WILEY
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Question 3:
Superheated steam enters a turbine at 7 MPa, 550°C, and exits at 150kPa
a. Draw the system.
b. If the process is reversible adiabatic (isentropic), find the final temperature (T2), the
final enthalpy (h2,) of the steam, and do the energy balance to calculate the turbine
work (Wts).
c. Using entropy balance, show that Sgen for the above process is 0.
d. If the isentropic efficiency is 85%, find the actual final temperature (T23)
and calculate Sgen?
e. Plot process in (b) and (d) on a Ts diagram with proper labelling.
Refrigerant-134a,It enters an adiabatic compressor at 10 C temperature and 140 kPa pressure and comes out at 700kPa pressure and 60C temperature.The power consumed in the compressor is 0.5kW.(Ignore the changes in kinetic and potential energies.)
a) Compressor's isentropic efficiency
b) Calculate the second law efficiency of the compressor.
Note:Accept the ambient temperature as 27C.
Water Vapor pressure 8 MPa and 350 in an adiabatic turbineIt enters at a temperature of oC and at a pressure of 750 kPacomes out. Reversible The amount of work done by the unit mass of steam for the processcalculate.
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- A 5 m3rigid tank has propane at 500 kPa, 700 K and connected by a valve to another tank of 0.7 m3with propane at 350 kPa, 600 K. The valve is opened and the two tanks come to a uniform state at 350 K. What is the final pressure?For propane R = 0.1886 kJ/kgKarrow_forwardA geothermal powerplant uses steam that enters a nozzle @ 973.15 K at 300 kpa under a velocity of having 20 m/sec, such that the steam exits at 200 kpa. The operator provides the process that is adiabatic and reversible. Calculate the ff. a. going out velocity of steam b. the going out temperature c. the sp. enthalpy at going out.arrow_forwardTwo-stage compressor that has an intercooler takes in air at 300 K, 100 kPa, and compresses it at 2.2 MPa. The cooler then reduces the air temperature to 340 K, after which it enters the second stage, where it has an outlet pressure of 15.0 MPa. Both stages are adiabatic and reversible. Determine a) Find the heat q in the cooler b) The total specific workarrow_forward
- an air flow is brought from 20 degree celsius, 100 kPa to 1000 kPa, 330 degree celsius by an adiabatic compressor driven by 50 kW motor. what are the mass flow rate and the exit volume flow rate of air?arrow_forwardi need the answer quicklyarrow_forward4. An evaporator has R-410A at -20°C and quality 80% flowing in. The exit flow is saturated vapor at -20°C. a. Consider the heating to be a reversible process and find the specific heat transfer from the entropy balance. (Answer: 48.7 kJ/kg) b. If the heat source was at -10°C and the inlet and outlet streams still have the same properties as in a), calculate the specific entropy generation? (Answer: 7.33 J/(kg K))arrow_forward
- This question is about vapor nozzle Due to a failure, ammonia in a large container overheats to 1400 kPa, 573 K. At this state, a small crack opens in the container that acts as a nozzle. The outside environment is at 100 kPa, 298 K, and the mass flow rate of ammonia is 10 g/s . Assume negligible nozzle inlet velocity and adiabatic reversible flow. Determine the exit velocity, and the exit cross section.arrow_forward40°C 4. A mixing chamber receives 5 kg/min of ammonia as saturated liquid at -20°C from one line (1) and ammonia at 40°C, 250 kPa from another line (2). The chamber also receives 325 kJ/min of energy as heat transferred from a 40°C reservoir as shown in figure. At the outlet, ammonia leaves as saturated vapor at -20°C. Find the mass flow rate in second line and calculate the total entropy generation in the process. Is this process possible?arrow_forwardWater flowing at 5 kg/s and initially at 100 kPa, 20°C is to be delivered as steam at 2000 kPa, 350°C and the same flow rate to some application. The following two-step sequential process is employed to achieve the required delivered steam conditions:Step 1 – adiabatic compression to 2000 kPa, 20°C.Step 2 – constant-pressure heating to 350°C. How much work in kJ/s is needed in Step 1 and Step 2? What is the required heat transfer in kJ/s to accomplish Step 2?arrow_forward
- A turbine operating in a continuous flow works adiabatically. The water vapor enters the turbine at a temperature of 650 C and comes out with 20 kPa pressure and 85% dryness. Find the mass flow rate (kg / sec) required to generate 10 MW of power from the system (ignore KE and PE changes)arrow_forwardan ideal adiabatic compressor compresses air from 1 atm to 5atm. The inlet temperature is 293K and the flow rate is 0.88 Ib/s. Find the required rate of work. Is it on the system or on the surroundings? You can assume constant specific heat for air. Recall that this is a polytropic process with an exponent equal to the ratio of the specific heats for air.arrow_forwardThe steam rate to a turbine for variable output is controlled by a throttle valve in the inlet line.Steam is supplied to the throttle valve at 1,700 kPa and 225°C. During a test run, the pressure atthe turbine inlet is 1000 kPa, the exhaust steam at 10 kPa has a quality of 0.95, the steam flowrate is 0.5 kg/s, and the power output of the turbine is 180kW. 1. What are the heat losses from the turbine? 2. What would be the power output if the steam supplied to the throttle valve were expandedisentropically to the final pressure?arrow_forward
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