Chapter 7, Problem 7.44SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The structures and names of all five isomers of formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\text{F}$.

Interpretation: The structures of all five isomers of formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\text{F}$ are to be drawn and the named.

Concept introduction: If molecular formula of two compounds is same but their atoms are connected in different ways, then they are known as constitutional isomers. They are also known as structural isomers. The double bond equivalence is calculated by the formula,

$\text{Double}\text{Bond}\text{Equivalence}=\text{C}+1-\frac{\left(\text{H}+\text{X}\right)}{2}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The structures of all $12$ acyclic isomers of formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{7}}\text{Br}$.

Interpretation: The structures of all $12$ acyclic isomers of formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{7}}\text{Br}$ are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the compounds in which molecular formula of a compound remains same but positions of different atoms or groups are changed to form new compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The additional information regarding the structure of cholesterol, ${\text{C}}_{\text{27}}{\text{H}}_{\text{46}}\text{O}$.

Interpretation: The additional information regarding the structure of cholesterol, ${\text{C}}_{\text{27}}{\text{H}}_{\text{46}}\text{O}$ is to be stated.

Concept introduction: In organic compounds, the number of double bonds, triple bonds and rings are determined by the use of formula known as double bond equivalence. It is also known as degree of unsaturation. The double bond equivalence formula is,

$\text{Double}\text{Bond}\text{Equivalence}=\text{C}+1-\frac{\left(\text{H}+\text{X}\right)}{2}$