(b) Interpretation: A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted. Concept introduction: A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Question

In the production of ethyl acetate via reactive distillation, the column operates at 5 bar with an equimolar feed (ethanol + acetic acid) at 80°C. The reaction follows: \[CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH \rightleftharpoons CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O \quad (K_{eq} = 4.2 \text{ at } 80°C)\] Given: - NRTL parameters for all binary pairs - Tray efficiency = 65% - Vapor-liquid equilibrium exhibits positive azeotrope formation Calculate the exact minimum reflux ratio required to achieve 98% ethyl acetate purity in the distillate, assuming: 1) The reaction reaches equilibrium on each tray 2) The heavy key component is water

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

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In the production of ethyl acetate via reactive distillation, the column operates at 5 bar with an equimolar feed (ethanol + acetic acid) at 80°C. The reaction follows: \[CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH \rightleftharpoons CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O \quad (K_{eq} = 4.2 \text{ at } 80°C)\] Given: - NRTL parameters for all binary pairs - Tray efficiency = 65% - Vapor-liquid equilibrium exhibits positive azeotrope formation Calculate the exact minimum reflux ratio required to achieve 98% ethyl acetate purity in the distillate, assuming: 1) The reaction reaches equilibrium on each tray 2) The heavy key component is water

In a multi-stage distillation column designed to separate a binary mixture of ethanol and water, the mass flow rate of the feed entering the column is \( F \), and the distillate product flow rate is \( D \). The reflux ratio \( R \) is defined as the ratio of the liquid returned to the column to the distillate flow rate. For the ideal case, where the column operates at maximum efficiency, determine the **minimum reflux ratio** \( R_{\text{min}} \) when the relative volatility \( \alpha = 1.5 \).

Q2: Draw the layout of a basic asynchronous 32k * 8 SRAM.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 7.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 7.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 7.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 7 - A certain gasoline engine has an efficiency of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.2P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.3P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.4P Ch. 7 - Liquid ethanol is pumped from a large storage tank...Ch. 7 - Air at 300°C and 130 kPa flows through a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.7P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.8P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.9P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.10P

Chapter 7 Solutions