Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337571357
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 60P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Why the amount of product formed is less when we change the temperature at which we run a certain reaction, although the equilibrium state is attained quickly?
Concept introduction:
The effect of temperature on a reaction present in equilibrium depends on whether a reaction is exothermic or an endothermic reaction. For an endothermic reaction with heat as one of the reactants, increase in temperature will shift the equilibrium towards products. Likewise for an exothermic reaction, in which heat is a product increase in heat would shift the equilibrium towards reactants. An increase in temperature would lead to increase in the
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
Ch. 7.1 - Problem 7-1 In the reaction we measure the...Ch. 7.4 - Problem 7-2 Calculate the rate for the reaction in...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 7.3QCCh. 7.6 - Prob. 7.4QCCh. 7.6 - Prob. 7.5QCCh. 7.7 - Prob. 7.6QCCh. 7.7 - Problem 7-7 Consider the following equilibrium...Ch. 7.7 - Prob. 7.8QCCh. 7.7 - Prob. 7.9QCCh. 7 - 7-11 Consider the following reaction: Suppose we...
Ch. 7 - 7-12 Two kinds of gas molecules are reacted at a...Ch. 7 - 7-13 Why are reactions between ions in aqueous...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4PCh. 7 - 7-15 A certain reaction is exothermic by 9...Ch. 7 - 7-16 A quart of milk quickly spoils if left at...Ch. 7 - 7-17 If a certain reaction takes 16 h to go to...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8PCh. 7 - Prob. 9PCh. 7 - Prob. 10PCh. 7 - Prob. 11PCh. 7 - 7-22 If you add a piece of marble, CaCO3 to a 6 M...Ch. 7 - Prob. 13PCh. 7 - Prob. 14PCh. 7 - Prob. 15PCh. 7 - 7-26 Write the chemical equations corresponding to...Ch. 7 - Prob. 17PCh. 7 - 7-28 When the following reaction reached...Ch. 7 - 7-29 The following reaction was allowed to reach...Ch. 7 - Prob. 20PCh. 7 - 7-31 Here are equilibrium constants for several...Ch. 7 - 7-32 A particular reaction has an equilibrium...Ch. 7 - Prob. 23PCh. 7 - Prob. 24PCh. 7 - 7-35 A reaction has a high rate constant but a...Ch. 7 - 7-36 Complete the following table showing the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 27PCh. 7 - Prob. 28PCh. 7 - Prob. 29PCh. 7 - 7-40 Is there any change in conditions that change...Ch. 7 - 7-41 The equilibrium constant at 1127°C for the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 32PCh. 7 - 7-43 (Chemical Connections 7A and 7B) Why is a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 34PCh. 7 - 7-45 (Chemical Connections 7C) A painkiller—for...Ch. 7 - 7-46 (Chemical Connections 7D) What reaction takes...Ch. 7 - Prob. 37PCh. 7 - Prob. 38PCh. 7 - Prob. 39PCh. 7 - 7-50 Draw an energy diagram for an exothermic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 41PCh. 7 - Prob. 42PCh. 7 - Prob. 43PCh. 7 - Prob. 44PCh. 7 - Prob. 45PCh. 7 - Prob. 46PCh. 7 - 7-57 Write the reaction to which the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 48PCh. 7 - Prob. 49PCh. 7 - Prob. 50PCh. 7 - Prob. 51PCh. 7 - Prob. 52PCh. 7 - Prob. 53PCh. 7 - Prob. 54PCh. 7 - Prob. 55PCh. 7 - Prob. 56PCh. 7 - Prob. 57PCh. 7 - Prob. 58PCh. 7 - 7-69 Pure carbon exists is several forms, two of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 60PCh. 7 - 7-71 You have a beaker that contains solid silver...Ch. 7 - Prob. 62PCh. 7 - Prob. 63PCh. 7 - Prob. 64PCh. 7 - Prob. 65PCh. 7 - Prob. 66PCh. 7 - Prob. 67PCh. 7 - Prob. 68PCh. 7 - Prob. 69PCh. 7 - Prob. 70PCh. 7 - Prob. 71PCh. 7 - Prob. 72PCh. 7 - Prob. 73PCh. 7 - Prob. 74PCh. 7 - 7-82 An equilibrium mixture of O2, SO2, and SO3...Ch. 7 - Prob. 76PCh. 7 - Prob. 77P
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- 7-22 If you add a piece of marble, CaCO3 to a 6 M HCI solution at room temperature, you will see some bubbles form around the marble as gas slowly rises. If you crush another piece of marble and add it to the same solution at the same temperature, you will see vigorous gas formation, so much so that the solution appears to be boiling. Explain.arrow_forward7-36 Complete the following table showing the effects of changing reaction conditions on the equilibrium and value of the equilibrium constant, K. Change in Condition How the Reacting System Changes to Achieve a New Equilibrium Does the Value of K Increase or Decrease? Addition of a reactant Shift to product formation Neither Removal of a reactant Addition of a product Removal of a product Increasing pressurearrow_forward7-28 When the following reaction reached equilibrium at 325 K, the equilibrium constant was found to be 172. When a sample was taken of the equilibrium mixture, it was found to contain 0.0714 M NO2. What was the equilibrium concentration of N2O4?arrow_forward
- 7-17 If a certain reaction takes 16 h to go to completion at 10°C, what temperature should we run it if we want it to go to completion in 1 h?arrow_forward7-40 Is there any change in conditions that change the equilibrium constant, K, of a given reaction?arrow_forward. Explain what it means that a reaction has reached a state of chemical equilibrium. Explain why equilibrium is a dynamic state: Does a reaction really “stop” when the system reaches a state of equilibrium? Explain why, once a chemical system has reached equilibrium, the concentrations of all reactants remain constant with time. Why does this constancy of concentration not contradict our picture of equilibrium as being dynamic? What happens to the rates of the forward and reverse reactions as a system proceeds to equilibrium from a starting point where only reactants are present?arrow_forward
- 7-32 A particular reaction has an equilibrium constant of 1.13 under one set of conditions and an equilibrium constant of 1.72 under a different set of conditions. Which conditions would be more advantageous in an industrial process that sought to obtain the maximum amount of products? Explain.arrow_forward7-64 As we shall see in Chapter 20, there are two forms of glucose, designated alpha and betawhich are in equilibrium in aqueous solution. The equilibrium constant for the reaction is 1.5 at 30°C. (a) If you begin with a fresh 1.0 M solution of D-glucose in water, what will be its concentration when equilibrium is reached? (b) Calculate the percentage of glucose and of glucose present at equilibrium in aqueous solution at 30°C.arrow_forwardWrite equilibrium constant expressions for the following generalized reactions. a. 2X(g)+3Y(g)2Z(g) b. 2X(g)+3Y(s)2Z(g) c. 2X(s)+3Y(s)2Z(g) d. 2X(g)+3Y(g)2Z(s)arrow_forward
- Use Le Chteliers principle to predict the direction of equilibrium shift in the following equilibria when the indicated stress is applied: a. 2A+B+heatC; some A is removed. b. 2A+B+heatC+D; the system is cooled. c. N2O42NO2; some NO2 is removed.arrow_forwardClassify each of the following statements as true or false. aSome equilibria depend on a steady supply of a reactant in order to maintain the equilibrium. bBoth forward and reverse reactions continue after equilibrium is reached. cEvery time reactant molecules collide, there is a reaction. dPotential energy during a collision is greater than potential energy before or after the collision. eThe properties of a transition state are between those of the reactants and products. fActivation energy is positive for both the forward and reverse reactions. gKinetic energy is changed to potential energy during a collision. hAn increase in temperature speeds the forward reaction but slows the reverse reaction. iA catalyst changes the steps by which a reaction is completed. jAn increase in concentration of a substance on the right-hand side of an equation speeds the reverse reaction rate. kAn increase in the concentration of a substance in an equilibrium increases the reaction rate in which the substance is a product. lReducing the volume of a gaseous equilibrium shifts the equilibrium in the direction of fewer gaseous molecules. mRaising temperature results in a shift in the forward direction of an endothermic equilibrium. nThe value of an equilibrium constant depends on temperature. oA large K indicates that an equilibrium is favored in the reverse direction.arrow_forwardWrite a balanced chemical equation for a totally gaseous equilibrium system that would lead to the following equilibrium constant expression. Keq=[N2]2[H2O]6[NH3]4[O2]3arrow_forward
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