Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133611097
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 5RQ
What are quantum numbers? What information do we get from the quantum numbers n, l, and ml? We define a spin quantum number (ms), but do we know that an electron literally spins?
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3. Propose a synthesis for the following transformation. Do not draw an arrow-pushing
mechanism below, but make sure to draw the product of each proposed step (3 points).
CN
+ En
CN
3) Propagation of uncertainty. Every measurement has uncertainty. In this problem, we'll
evaluate the uncertainty in every step of a titration of potassium hydrogen phthalate (a
common acid used in titrations, abbreviated KHP, formula CsH5KO4) with NaOH of an
unknown concentration.
The calculation that ultimately needs to be carried out is:
concentration NaOH
1000 x mass KHP × purity KHP
molar mass KHP x volume NaOH
Measurements:
a) You use a balance to weigh 0.3992 g of KHP. The uncertainty is ±0.15 mg (0.00015
g).
b) You use a buret to slowly add NaOH to the KHP until it reaches the endpoint. It takes
18.73 mL of NaOH. The uncertainty of the burst is 0.03 mL..
c) The manufacturer states the purity of KHP is 100%±0.05%.
d) Even though we don't think much about them, molar masses have uncertainty as well.
The uncertainty comes from the distribution of isotopes, rather than random
measurement error. The uncertainty in the elements composing KHP are:
a. Carbon:
b. Hydrogen:
±0.0008…
Don't used hand raiting and don't used Ai solution
Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 7 - Four types of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) are...Ch. 7 - Characterize the Bohr model of the atom. In the...Ch. 7 - What experimental evidence supports the quantum...Ch. 7 - List the most important ideas of the quantum...Ch. 7 - What are quantum numbers? What information do we...Ch. 7 - How do 2p orbitals differ from each other? How do...Ch. 7 - Four blocks of elements in a periodic table refer...Ch. 7 - What is the difference between core electrons and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9RQCh. 7 - The radius trend and the ionization energy trend...
Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ALQCh. 7 - Defend and criticize Bohrs model. Why was it...Ch. 7 - The first four ionization energies for the...Ch. 7 - Compare the first ionization energy of helium to...Ch. 7 - Which has the larger second ionization energy,...Ch. 7 - Explain why a graph of ionization energy versus...Ch. 7 - Without referring to your text, predict the trend...Ch. 7 - Account for the fact that the line that separates...Ch. 7 - Explain electron from a quantum mechanical...Ch. 7 - Choose the best response for the following. The...Ch. 7 - Consider the following statement "The ionization...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12ALQCh. 7 - How does probability fit into the description of...Ch. 7 - What is meant by an orbital?Ch. 7 - Explain the difference between the probability...Ch. 7 - Is the following statement true or false? The...Ch. 7 - Which is higher in energy, the 2s or 2p orbital,...Ch. 7 - Prove mathematically that it is more energetically...Ch. 7 - What type of relationship (direct or inverse) e...Ch. 7 - What do we mean by the frequency of...Ch. 7 - Explain the photoelectric effectCh. 7 - Describe briefly why the study of electromagnetic...Ch. 7 - How does the wavelength of a fast-pitched baseball...Ch. 7 - The following is an energy-level diagram for...Ch. 7 - The Bohr model works for only one electron...Ch. 7 - We can represent both probability and radial...Ch. 7 - Consider the representations of the p and d atomic...Ch. 7 - The periodic table consists of four blocks of...Ch. 7 - Many times the claim is made that subshells...Ch. 7 - Prob. 30QCh. 7 - Elements with very large ionization energies also...Ch. 7 - The changes in electron affinity as one goes down...Ch. 7 - Why is it much harder to explain the line spectra...Ch. 7 - Scientists use emission spectra to confirm the...Ch. 7 - Does the minimization of electron-electron...Ch. 7 - In the hydtogen atom, what is the physical...Ch. 7 - The work function is the energy required to remove...Ch. 7 - Many more anhydrous lithium salts are hygroscopic...Ch. 7 - The laser in an audio CD player uses light with u...Ch. 7 - An FM radio station broadcasts at 99.5 MHz....Ch. 7 - Microwave radiation has a wavelength on the order...Ch. 7 - A photon of ultraviolet (UV) light possesses...Ch. 7 - Octyl methoxycinoamate and oxybenzone are common...Ch. 7 - Human color vision is " produced" by the nervous...Ch. 7 - Consider the following waves representing...Ch. 7 - One type of electromagnetic radiation has a...Ch. 7 - Carbon absorbs energy at a wavelength of 150. nm....Ch. 7 - X rays have wavelengths on the order of 1 1010 m....Ch. 7 - The work function of an element is the energy...Ch. 7 - It takes 208.4 kJ of energy to remove 1 mole of...Ch. 7 - It takes 7.21 1019 J of energy to remove an...Ch. 7 - Ionization energy is the energy required to remove...Ch. 7 - Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for each of...Ch. 7 - Neutron diffraction is used in determining the...Ch. 7 - A particle has a velocity that is 90.% of the...Ch. 7 - Calculate the velocities of electrons with de...Ch. 7 - Calculate the wavelength of light emiued when each...Ch. 7 - Calculate the wavelength of light emitted when...Ch. 7 - Using vertical lines, indicate the transitions...Ch. 7 - Using vertical lines, indicate the transitions...Ch. 7 - Calculate the longest and shortest wavelengths of...Ch. 7 - Assume that a hydrogen atoms electron has been...Ch. 7 - Does a photon of visible light ( 400 to 700 nm)...Ch. 7 - An electron is excited from the n = 1 ground state...Ch. 7 - Calculate the maximum wavelength of light capable...Ch. 7 - Consider an electron for a hydrogen atom in an...Ch. 7 - An excited hydrogen atom with an electron in the n...Ch. 7 - An excited hydrogen atom emits light with a...Ch. 7 - Using the Heisenberg uncertainty principle,...Ch. 7 - The Heisenberg uncertainty principle can be...Ch. 7 - What are the possible values for the quantum...Ch. 7 - Identify each of the following orbitals and...Ch. 7 - Which of the following sets of quantum numbers are...Ch. 7 - Which of the following sets of quantum numbers are...Ch. 7 - What is the physical significance of the value of...Ch. 7 - In defining the sizes of orbitals, why must we use...Ch. 7 - Total radial probability distributions for the...Ch. 7 - Tbe relative orbital levels for the hydrogen atom...Ch. 7 - How many orbitals in an atom can have the...Ch. 7 - How many electrons in an atom can have the...Ch. 7 - Give the maximum number of electrons in an atom...Ch. 7 - Give the maximum number of electrons in an atom...Ch. 7 - Draw atomic orbital diagrams representing the...Ch. 7 - For elements l36, there are two exceptions to the...Ch. 7 - The elements Si, Ga, As, Ge, Al, Cd, S, and Se are...Ch. 7 - The elements Cu, O, La, Y, Ba, Tl, and Bi are all...Ch. 7 - Write the expected electron configurations for...Ch. 7 - Write the expected electron configurations for...Ch. 7 - Write the expected ground-state electron...Ch. 7 - Using only the periodic table inside the front...Ch. 7 - Given the valence electron orbital level diagram...Ch. 7 - Identify the following elements. a. 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How many...Ch. 7 - Which of the following statements is(are) true? a....Ch. 7 - Identify the following three elements. a. 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