Chapter 7, Problem 56QAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine what is the subclass of reaction involving the combustion of fuel substances.

Concept Introduction:

The most common driving forces which create product in chemical reactions are as follows:

1. Formation of a solid.
2. Formation of water.
3. Transfer of electrons.
4. Formation of gas.

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

1. Gaining of oxygen atoms.

2. Increasing oxidation number.

3. Loss of hydrogen atom.

4. Loss of electrons.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

1. Loss of oxygen atoms.

2. Decreasing oxidation number.

3. Gaining of hydrogen atom.

4. Gaining of electrons.

In combustion reaction organic compounds burn in presence of oxygen or air and produce water and carbon dioxide with energy. It is an exothermic reaction. In this reaction, carbon is oxidized by addition of oxygen to carbon dioxide.

For example the combustion reaction of ethane is following:

$\begin{array}{l}2{\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_6(g)+7{\text{O}}_2(g)\stackrel{\text{Δ}}{\to }4\text{C}{\text{O}}_2(g)+6{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(g)\\ \text{ Reactants Products }\end{array}$

The general reaction of combustion as follows:

$\text{Organic compound + }{\text{O}}_2(g)\stackrel{\text{Δ}}{\to }\text{C}{\text{O}}_2(g)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)+\text{energy}$.