Chapter 7, Problem 56PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The starting material that gives the desired product on working backward is to be deduced.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Nucleophilic substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogens of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any nucleophile is called substitution reaction.

The reaction in which the halide group is removed to form alkene is called dehydrohalogenation.

The reaction in which hydrogen is added to the compound in the presence of catalyst is known as hydrogenation.

The number of moles of hydrogen absorbed will be equal to the number of double bonds.

$\text{Li}/{\text{NH}}_3$ is a reducing agent which reduces alkynes to alkenes.

${\text{H}}_2/\text{Pd}$ is used as reducing agent to reduce multiple bonds to single bonds.