Introductory Chemistry: Foundation - Text (Looseleaf)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399623
Author: ZUMDAHL
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 7, Problem 3CR
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The concept and importance of balancing an equation should be explained. The representation of physical states of reactants and products should be explained.
Concept interpretation: In a
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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the
product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15%
glycerin by weight.
If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate;
e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt).
f. Moles of CO2 evolved.
g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed.
h. Conversion efficiency.
i. Per cent excess of excess reactant.
Reactions:
Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6
Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3
Show work. don't give Ai generated solution. How many carbons and hydrogens are in the structure?
13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the
molecule depicted below.
Bond B
2°C. +2°C. cleavage
Bond A
•CH3 + 26.← Cleavage
2°C. +
Bond C
+3°C•
CH3 2C
Cleavage
E
2°C. 26.
weakest bond
Intact molecule
Strongest 3°C 20.
Gund
Largest
argest
a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in
appropriate boxes.
C
Weakest
bond
A
Produces
Most
Bond
Strongest
Bond
Strongest Gund
produces least stable
radicals
Weakest
Stable radical
b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A,
B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B,
and C are all carbon radicals.
i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
13°C. formed in
bound C
cleavage
ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
• CH3
methyl radical
Formed in Gund A Cleavage
c.…
Chapter 7 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: Foundation - Text (Looseleaf)
Ch. 7.2 - at if no ionic solids were soluble in water? Could...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 7.1SCCh. 7.3 - trong>Exercise 7.2 For each of the following...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 7.3SCCh. 7.7 - lton believed that atoms were indivisible. Thomson...Ch. 7.7 - ercise 7.4 Classify each of the following...Ch. 7 - onsider the mixing of aqueous solutions of...Ch. 7 - ssume a highly magnified view of a solution of HCI...Ch. 7 - hy is the formation of a solid evidence of a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4ALQ
Ch. 7 - ixing an aqueous solution of potassium nitrate...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6ALQCh. 7 - se the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases to...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8ALQCh. 7 - hy is the formation of a gas evidence of a...Ch. 7 - Label each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 7 - Look at Fig. 7.2 in the text. It is possible for a...Ch. 7 - What is the purpose of spectator ions? If they are...Ch. 7 - Which of the following must be an...Ch. 7 - If an element is a reactant or product in a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15ALQCh. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - Write the balanced formula and net ionic equation...Ch. 7 - hy is water an important solvent? Although you...Ch. 7 - hat is a “driving force”? What are some of the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 7 - escribe briefly what happens when an ionic...Ch. 7 - hen the ionic solute K3PO4is dissolved in water,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 7 - ow do chemists know that the ions behave...Ch. 7 - uppose you are trying to help your friend...Ch. 7 - Using the general solubility rules given in Table...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - Lead(II) nitrate is added to four separate beakers...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - On the basis of the general solubility rules given...Ch. 7 - Balance each of the following equations that...Ch. 7 - Balance each of the following equations that...Ch. 7 - For each of the following precipitation reactions,...Ch. 7 - A solution of zinc nitrate is mixed with a...Ch. 7 - What is a net ionic equation? What species are...Ch. 7 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 7 - Based on the general solubility rules given in...Ch. 7 - Write the balanced molecular, complete ionic, and...Ch. 7 - Many chromate salts are insoluble, and most have...Ch. 7 - The procedures and principles of qualitative...Ch. 7 - Many plants are poisonous because their stems and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 7 - What is meant by a strong acid? Are the strong...Ch. 7 - What is meant by a strong base? Are the strong...Ch. 7 - The same net ionic process takes place when any...Ch. 7 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 7 - If 1000 NaOH units were dissolved in a sample of...Ch. 7 - What is a salt? Give two balanced chemical...Ch. 7 - Write balanced equations showing how three of the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 7 - What salt would form when each of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 7 - Give an example of a simple chemical reaction that...Ch. 7 - What do we mean when we say that the transfer of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 7 - If atoms of the metal calcium were to react with...Ch. 7 - If oxygen molecules, were to react with magnesium...Ch. 7 - Prob. 47QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 48QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 49QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 50QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 51QAPCh. 7 - The reaction between ammonium perchlorate and...Ch. 7 - Identify each of the following unbalanced reaction...Ch. 7 - Prob. 54QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 55QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 56QAPCh. 7 - What is a synthesis or combination reaction? Give...Ch. 7 - What is a decomposition reaction? Give an example....Ch. 7 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 60QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 61QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 62QAPCh. 7 - Balance each of the following equations that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 64QAPCh. 7 - Balance each of the following equations that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 66QAPCh. 7 - Distinguish between the molecular equation, the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 68APCh. 7 - Without first writing a full molecular or ionic...Ch. 7 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 71APCh. 7 - Prob. 72APCh. 7 - Prob. 73APCh. 7 - Prob. 74APCh. 7 - For each of the following unbalanced molecular...Ch. 7 - Write the balanced molecular, complete ionic, and...Ch. 7 - What strong acid and what strong base would react...Ch. 7 - Prob. 78APCh. 7 - For the reaction 16Fe(s)+3S8(s)8Fe2S3(s), show how...Ch. 7 - Prob. 80APCh. 7 - Identify each of the following unbalanced reaction...Ch. 7 - Which of the following statements is/are true...Ch. 7 - Prob. 83APCh. 7 - Prob. 84APCh. 7 - Prob. 85APCh. 7 - Prob. 86APCh. 7 - Prob. 87APCh. 7 - For each of the following metals, how many...Ch. 7 - For each of the following nonmetals, how many...Ch. 7 - True or false? When solutions of barium hydroxide...Ch. 7 - Classify the reactions represented by the...Ch. 7 - When a sodium chromate solution and aluminum...Ch. 7 - Prob. 93APCh. 7 - Consider a solution with the following ions...Ch. 7 - Prob. 95APCh. 7 - For the following chemical reactions, determine...Ch. 7 - Prob. 97CPCh. 7 - hat kind of visual evidence indicates that a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2CRCh. 7 - Prob. 3CRCh. 7 - Prob. 4CRCh. 7 - hat is meant by the driving force for a reaction?...Ch. 7 - xplain to your friend what chemists mean by a...Ch. 7 - efine the term strong electrolyte. What types of...Ch. 7 - ummarize the simple solubility rules for ionic...Ch. 7 - n general terms, what are the spectator ions in a...Ch. 7 - Describe some physical and chemical properties of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11CRCh. 7 - What do we call reactions in which electrons are...Ch. 7 - What is a combustion reaction? Are combustion...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14CRCh. 7 - List and define all the ways of classifying...Ch. 7 - The element carbon undergoes many inorganic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 17CRCh. 7 - The reagent shelf in a general chemistry lab...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19CRCh. 7 - Prob. 20CRCh. 7 - Prob. 21CRCh. 7 - Prob. 22CRCh. 7 - Using the general solubility rules discussed in...Ch. 7 - Write the balanced net ionic equation for the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 25CR
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