EBK HUMAN BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220100545931
Author: MCMILLAN
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Chapter 7, Problem 2CT
Heavy smokers often develop abnormally high blood pressure. The nicotine in tobacco is a potent vasoconstrictor. Explain the connection between these two facts, including what kind of blood vessels are likely affected.
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Nicotine stimulates both the SA node to increase its firing rate and the myocardium to contract more forcefully, which raises cardiac output. It also causes arteriole vasoconstriction. Given this information, would you expect the blood pressure of a smoker to be relatively higher or lower than that of a nonsmoker? Explain.
Changes in blood pressure occur throughout the day. Short term mechanisms, like the baroreceptor reflex, maintain a steady flow of blood to the tissues to sustain life despite postural changes. However, there can be elevations of blood pressure orchestrated by the nervous system. Describe an example where the nervous system causes changes in the normal functioning of the circulatory system.
Severe hemorrhage increases peripheral vasoconstriction and heart rate. Why does it cause rapid breathing?
Chapter 7 Solutions
EBK HUMAN BIOLOGY
Ch. 7 - List the functions of the cardiovascular system.Ch. 7 - Define a heartbeat, giving the sequence of events...Ch. 7 - What is the difference between the systemic and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4RQCh. 7 - Prob. 5RQCh. 7 - State the main functions of venules and veins....Ch. 7 - Label the hearts main parts in the diagram below.Ch. 7 - Cells obtain nutrients from and deposit waste into...Ch. 7 - The contraction phase of the heartbeat is ______;...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3SQ
Ch. 7 - In the systemic circuit, the hearts _______ half...Ch. 7 - After you eat, blood passing through the GI tract...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6SQCh. 7 - Prob. 7SQCh. 7 - Prob. 8SQCh. 7 - _____ contraction drives blood through the...Ch. 7 - Match the type of blood vessel with its major...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11SQCh. 7 - A patient suffering from hypertension may receive...Ch. 7 - Heavy smokers often develop abnormally high blood...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3CTCh. 7 - Several years ago the deaths of several airline...
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- Excessive blood loss leads to low blood pressure. Explain two mechanisms by which cardiac output is changed to restore systemic blood pressure following blood loss and low blood pressure (explain how cardiac output changes to increase blood pressure when blood pressure drops with blood loss, and any two mechanisms involved).arrow_forwardA patient has frequent episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. He has received a medication for prophylaxis of these events. Which of the following is the most suitable for long term use? Nifedipine Adenosine Amiodarone Heparin Lidocainearrow_forward"stimulation of erythropoietin is caused by"arrow_forward
- Histamine is released in allergic reactions and commonly causes tissue swelling , therefore histamine's affect on the blood vessels are to : vasodilate vasoconstrictarrow_forwardThe cardiac output is low, but the left side shows hypertrophy. Explain how the cardiac outputis usually compensated, and what has failed here.arrow_forwardhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0IngUYN2OA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPxnIh_WTb8 Part1 1) How would the BP of an anxious patient visiting a doctor be different than if the patient is calm? 2) In atherosclerosis, plaque builds up inside the arteries. How would this affect BP? Is this an example of hypertension or hypotension? Part 2: The circulatory system has 5 functions. · Highlight the statements below that are only functions of the circulatory system. It carries cells that help to fight diseases. It gives structure and support to the body. It carries waste products to the urinary system. It carries carbon dioxide from cells to the lungs. It maintains body posture. It carries nutrients from the digestive system to other cells. It carries oxygen from the lungs to other cells. · The list gives some structures in the blood and circulatory system. Heart, artery, red blood cell, ventricle, capillary, plasma, vein, white blood…arrow_forward
- There are several types of anemia that are caused by defective erythrocytes. Which of the following functions are most likely affected by anemia? The ability to defend the body against bacteria Transportation of carbon dioxide The ability to stop bleeding by forming blood clots Transportation of hormones throughout the bodyarrow_forwardWomen in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries wore whalebone corsets that severely restricted the respiratory and digestive systems. These corsets were worn to have a wasp-like waist. It was quite common for these women to faint—in fact, they had “fainting couches.” Explain the physiological reason for their fainting problems.arrow_forwardPatients with a history of heart failure often get this history from chronic hypertension. Chronic hypertension leads to a condition called hypertrophic heart disease, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This means that the heart muscle gets bigger, allowing less room for it to fill with blood. If these patients take beta blockers, such as metoprolol, it will benefit them because the heart will not overwork and grow in size. However, if a patient has pulmonary edema, how could the beta blocker make this patient worse?arrow_forward
- Name any two substances which prevent blood coagulation in uninjured blood vessels.arrow_forwardNitroglycerin is a drug that is commonly used to treat angina pectoris. It is thought to beconverted to nitric oxide by cardiac muscle cells and endothelial cells. Why might this drugalleviate the symptoms of angina pectoris?arrow_forwardPredict the effect of each of the following conditions on blood flow:(a) vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin in response to coldexposure, (b) vasodilation of blood vessels in the skin in response toelevated body temperature, and (c) erythrocytosis, which results in agreatly increased hematocrit.arrow_forward
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