Chemistry: The Central Science (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780134414232
Author: Theodore E. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine Murphy, Patrick Woodward, Matthew E. Stoltzfus
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 25E
Using only the periodic table, arrange each set of atoms in order from largest to smallest: (a) K, Li, Cs; (b) Pb, Sn, Si; (c) F, 0, N.
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Using only the periodic table, arrange each set of atoms inorder from largest to smallest: (a) K, Li, Cs; (b) Pb, Sn, Si; (c) F,O, N.
Boron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively.
(a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B?
(b) Draw the orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons?
(c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons in boron differ from its 2s electrons.
(d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas.
(e) ΔHf° for BF3(g) is -1135.6 kj/mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in the reaction of boron with fluorine.
(f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?
The bars in the graph at right represent the relative magnitudes of the first five ionization energies of an atom. Identify the element and write its complete electron configuration, assuming it comes from (a) Period 2; (b) Period 3; (c) Period 4.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry: The Central Science (14th Edition)
Ch. 7.3 - Hypothetical elements X and Y form a molecule XY2,...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7.1.2PECh. 7.3 - Prob. 7.2.1PECh. 7.3 -
Arrange Be, C, K, and Ca in order of increasing...Ch. 7.3 - Arrange the following atoms and ions in order of...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7.3.2PECh. 7.3 - Prob. 7.4.1PECh. 7.3 - Prob. 7.4.2PECh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.5.1PECh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.5.2PE
Ch. 7.4 - Consider the following statements about first...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 7.6.2PECh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.7.1PECh. 7.4 -
Write the electron configurations for (a) Ga3+...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 7.8.1PECh. 7.6 - Prob. 7.8.2PECh. 7.6 - Prob. 7.9.1PECh. 7.6 - Prob. 7.9.2PECh. 7.7 - Prob. 7.10.1PECh. 7.7 - Prob. 7.10.2PECh. 7 - Prob. 1DECh. 7 - Prob. 1ECh. 7 -
7.2 Which of these spheres represents F, which...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3ECh. 7 - Prob. 4ECh. 7 - Prob. 5ECh. 7 - Prob. 6ECh. 7 - Prob. 7ECh. 7 - Prob. 8ECh. 7 - Prob. 9ECh. 7 - Prob. 10ECh. 7 - Prob. 11ECh. 7 -
7.12 Moseley's experiments on X rays emitted from...Ch. 7 - Among elements 1-18, which element or elements...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14ECh. 7 - Detailed calculations show that the value of Zeff...Ch. 7 - Detailed calculations show that the value of Zeff...Ch. 7 - Which will experience the greater effective...Ch. 7 - Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19ECh. 7 - Prob. 20ECh. 7 - Tungsten has the highest melting point of any...Ch. 7 - Prob. 22ECh. 7 - Estimate the As-I bond length from the data in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 24ECh. 7 - Using only the periodic table, arrange each set of...Ch. 7 - Using only the periodic table, arrange each set of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 27ECh. 7 - Prob. 28ECh. 7 - Which neutral atom is isoelectronic with each of...Ch. 7 - Some ions do not have a corresponding neutral atom...Ch. 7 - Consider the isoelectronic ions F- and Na+. (a)...Ch. 7 - Prob. 32ECh. 7 - Prob. 33ECh. 7 - Arrange each of the following sets of atoms and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 35ECh. 7 - In the ionic compoundsLiF,NaCI,KBr, andRbl, the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 37ECh. 7 -
7.38 Write equations that show the process for...Ch. 7 - Prob. 39ECh. 7 - Prob. 40ECh. 7 - Prob. 41ECh. 7 - (a) What is the trend in first ionization energies...Ch. 7 - Prob. 43ECh. 7 - Prob. 44ECh. 7 - Prob. 45ECh. 7 - Prob. 46ECh. 7 - Prob. 47ECh. 7 - Prob. 48ECh. 7 - Write an equation for the second electron affinity...Ch. 7 - If the electron affinity for an element is a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 51ECh. 7 -
7.52 What is the relationship between the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 53ECh. 7 - Consider the following equation: Ca + (g) + e-...Ch. 7 -
7.55(a) Does metallic character increase,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 56ECh. 7 - Prob. 57ECh. 7 - Prob. 58ECh. 7 - Predict whether each of the following oxides is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 60ECh. 7 - Would you expect manganese(II) oxide, MnO, react...Ch. 7 - Prob. 62ECh. 7 - Prob. 63ECh. 7 - An element X reacts with oxygen to form X02 and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 65ECh. 7 - Prob. 66ECh. 7 - Prob. 67ECh. 7 - Prob. 68ECh. 7 - Prob. 69ECh. 7 - Write a balanced equation for the reaction that...Ch. 7 - (a) As described in Section 7.7 , the alkali...Ch. 7 - Prob. 72ECh. 7 - Prob. 73ECh. 7 - Prob. 74ECh. 7 - Prob. 75ECh. 7 - Prob. 76ECh. 7 - Prob. 77ECh. 7 - Prob. 78ECh. 7 - Consider the stable elements through lead (Z =...Ch. 7 -
17.80]Figure 7.4 shows the radial probability...Ch. 7 - (a) If the core electrons were totally effective...Ch. 7 - Prob. 82AECh. 7 - Prob. 83AECh. 7 - Prob. 84AECh. 7 - Prob. 85AECh. 7 - The following observations are made about two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 87AECh. 7 - Prob. 88AECh. 7 - Prob. 89AECh. 7 - Prob. 90AECh. 7 - Explain the variation in the ionization energies...Ch. 7 - Prob. 92AECh. 7 - Prob. 93AECh. 7 - Prob. 94AECh. 7 - Prob. 95AECh. 7 - Prob. 96AECh. 7 - Prob. 97AECh. 7 - The electron affinities. in kJ/mol, for the group...Ch. 7 -
7.99 Hydrogen is an unusual element because it...Ch. 7 - Prob. 100AECh. 7 - Prob. 101AECh. 7 - Which of the following is the expected product of...Ch. 7 - Elemental cesium reacts more violently with water...Ch. 7 - Prob. 104AECh. 7 - Prob. 105AECh. 7 - Prob. 106AECh. 7 - Prob. 107AECh. 7 - Prob. 108AECh. 7 - Prob. 109IECh. 7 - Prob. 110IECh. 7 - Prob. 111IECh. 7 - Mercury in the environment can exist in oxidation...Ch. 7 - When magnesium metal is burned in air (Figure 3.6...Ch. 7 - Prob. 114IECh. 7 - Prob. 115IE
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- Boron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively.(a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B? (b) Drawthe orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons? (c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons inboron differ from its 2s electrons. (d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation forthe reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas. (e) ΔHf° for BF31g2 is -1135.6 kJ>mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in thereaction of boron with fluorine. (f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?arrow_forwardArrange in order of increasing nonmetallic character. (Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.) (a) the Period 4 elements V, Ge, and K (b) the Group 5A elements N, As, and Bi Arrange in order of increasing atomic size. (Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.) (a) the Period 3 elements Mg, Si, and Ar (b) the Group 2A elements Ca, Ba, and Srarrow_forward4. As you move across the periodic table, from left to right, (A) do the atoms get smaller or larger? (B) are the ionization energies increasing or decreasing? (C) are the metals becoming more or less reactive?arrow_forward
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