The similarities and dissimilarities among paracrine signal, hormone, and cytokine. Introduction: Endocrinology is the study of hormones. Hormones are the chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by specialized epithelial cells. The hormones control many functions; for example, growth hormone controls the growth of the individual, estrogen, and progesterone controls secondary sexual characteristics in females and testosterone control secondary sexual characteristics in males.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 24RQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities among paracrine signal, hormone, and cytokine.

Introduction: Endocrinology is the study of hormones. Hormones are the chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by specialized epithelial cells. The hormones control many functions; for example, growth hormone controls the growth of the individual, estrogen, and progesterone controls secondary sexual characteristics in females and testosterone control secondary sexual characteristics in males.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the primary and secondary endocrine pathologies.

Introduction: Endocrine pathology involves the diseases of the endocrine system. It is caused by the imbalance of hormones in the body. The hormone imbalance is caused by the excess of hormone, deficiency of the hormone, or abnormal responsiveness of target tissues to a hormone.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between hypersecretion and hyposecretion.

Introduction: The secretion of hormones in the body and its associated effects can be either exaggerated or diminished. The excessive secretion of the hormone is known as hypersecretion and secretion of hormones in little concentration is known as hyposecretion.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between anterior and posterior pituitary.

Introduction: The pituitary is a lima-bean sized structure that extends downward from the brain and is connected to it by a thin stalk and cradled in a protective pocket of bone. The pituitary is divided into two parts-anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. The pituitary gland is an important part of the immune system, and it is involved in secreting hormones into the blood stream.

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Imagine that you are a clinical geneticist. Your colleague is an oncologist who wants your help explaining the basics of genetics to their patient, who will be undergoing genetic testing in the coming weeks for possible acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induced by the radiation she had several years ago for breast cancer. Write a 1,050- to 1,225-word memo to your colleague. Include the following in your memo: An explanation of the molecular structure of DNA and RNA, highlighting both similarities and differences A description of the processes of transcription and translation An explanation of the differences between leading and lagging strands and how the DNA is replicated in each strand Reponses to the following common questions patients might ask about this type of genetic testing and genetic disorder: Does AML run in families? What genes are tested for?

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: What are some potential consequences that could result if the processes of replication, transcription, and translation don’t function correctly? Provide an example of how you might explain these consequences in terms that patients might understand.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 24RQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities among paracrine signal, hormone, and cytokine.

Introduction: Endocrinology is the study of hormones. Hormones are the chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by specialized epithelial cells. The hormones control many functions; for example, growth hormone controls the growth of the individual, estrogen, and progesterone controls secondary sexual characteristics in females and testosterone control secondary sexual characteristics in males.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the primary and secondary endocrine pathologies.

Introduction: Endocrine pathology involves the diseases of the endocrine system. It is caused by the imbalance of hormones in the body. The hormone imbalance is caused by the excess of hormone, deficiency of the hormone, or abnormal responsiveness of target tissues to a hormone.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between hypersecretion and hyposecretion.

Introduction: The secretion of hormones in the body and its associated effects can be either exaggerated or diminished. The excessive secretion of the hormone is known as hypersecretion and secretion of hormones in little concentration is known as hyposecretion.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between anterior and posterior pituitary.

Introduction: The pituitary is a lima-bean sized structure that extends downward from the brain and is connected to it by a thin stalk and cradled in a protective pocket of bone. The pituitary is divided into two parts-anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. The pituitary gland is an important part of the immune system, and it is involved in secreting hormones into the blood stream.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 24RQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities among paracrine signal, hormone, and cytokine.

Introduction: Endocrinology is the study of hormones. Hormones are the chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by specialized epithelial cells. The hormones control many functions; for example, growth hormone controls the growth of the individual, estrogen, and progesterone controls secondary sexual characteristics in females and testosterone control secondary sexual characteristics in males.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the primary and secondary endocrine pathologies.

Introduction: Endocrine pathology involves the diseases of the endocrine system. It is caused by the imbalance of hormones in the body. The hormone imbalance is caused by the excess of hormone, deficiency of the hormone, or abnormal responsiveness of target tissues to a hormone.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between hypersecretion and hyposecretion.

Introduction: The secretion of hormones in the body and its associated effects can be either exaggerated or diminished. The excessive secretion of the hormone is known as hypersecretion and secretion of hormones in little concentration is known as hyposecretion.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between anterior and posterior pituitary.

Introduction: The pituitary is a lima-bean sized structure that extends downward from the brain and is connected to it by a thin stalk and cradled in a protective pocket of bone. The pituitary is divided into two parts-anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. The pituitary gland is an important part of the immune system, and it is involved in secreting hormones into the blood stream.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 24RQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities among paracrine signal, hormone, and cytokine.

Introduction: Endocrinology is the study of hormones. Hormones are the chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by specialized epithelial cells. The hormones control many functions; for example, growth hormone controls the growth of the individual, estrogen, and progesterone controls secondary sexual characteristics in females and testosterone control secondary sexual characteristics in males.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the primary and secondary endocrine pathologies.

Introduction: Endocrine pathology involves the diseases of the endocrine system. It is caused by the imbalance of hormones in the body. The hormone imbalance is caused by the excess of hormone, deficiency of the hormone, or abnormal responsiveness of target tissues to a hormone.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between hypersecretion and hyposecretion.

Introduction: The secretion of hormones in the body and its associated effects can be either exaggerated or diminished. The excessive secretion of the hormone is known as hypersecretion and secretion of hormones in little concentration is known as hyposecretion.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between anterior and posterior pituitary.

Introduction: The pituitary is a lima-bean sized structure that extends downward from the brain and is connected to it by a thin stalk and cradled in a protective pocket of bone. The pituitary is divided into two parts-anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. The pituitary gland is an important part of the immune system, and it is involved in secreting hormones into the blood stream.

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 24RQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities among paracrine signal, hormone, and cytokine.

Introduction: Endocrinology is the study of hormones. Hormones are the chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by specialized epithelial cells. The hormones control many functions; for example, growth hormone controls the growth of the individual, estrogen, and progesterone controls secondary sexual characteristics in females and testosterone control secondary sexual characteristics in males.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the primary and secondary endocrine pathologies.

Introduction: Endocrine pathology involves the diseases of the endocrine system. It is caused by the imbalance of hormones in the body. The hormone imbalance is caused by the excess of hormone, deficiency of the hormone, or abnormal responsiveness of target tissues to a hormone.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between hypersecretion and hyposecretion.

Introduction: The secretion of hormones in the body and its associated effects can be either exaggerated or diminished. The excessive secretion of the hormone is known as hypersecretion and secretion of hormones in little concentration is known as hyposecretion.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between anterior and posterior pituitary.

Introduction: The pituitary is a lima-bean sized structure that extends downward from the brain and is connected to it by a thin stalk and cradled in a protective pocket of bone. The pituitary is divided into two parts-anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. The pituitary gland is an important part of the immune system, and it is involved in secreting hormones into the blood stream.

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 24RQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities among paracrine signal, hormone, and cytokine.

Introduction: Endocrinology is the study of hormones. Hormones are the chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by specialized epithelial cells. The hormones control many functions; for example, growth hormone controls the growth of the individual, estrogen, and progesterone controls secondary sexual characteristics in females and testosterone control secondary sexual characteristics in males.

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 24RQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and dissimilarities among paracrine signal, hormone, and cytokine.

Introduction: Endocrinology is the study of hormones. Hormones are the chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by specialized epithelial cells. The hormones control many functions; for example, growth hormone controls the growth of the individual, estrogen, and progesterone controls secondary sexual characteristics in females and testosterone control secondary sexual characteristics in males.

Answer 8

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the primary and secondary endocrine pathologies.

Introduction: Endocrine pathology involves the diseases of the endocrine system. It is caused by the imbalance of hormones in the body. The hormone imbalance is caused by the excess of hormone, deficiency of the hormone, or abnormal responsiveness of target tissues to a hormone.

Answer 9

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between the primary and secondary endocrine pathologies.

Introduction: Endocrine pathology involves the diseases of the endocrine system. It is caused by the imbalance of hormones in the body. The hormone imbalance is caused by the excess of hormone, deficiency of the hormone, or abnormal responsiveness of target tissues to a hormone.

Answer 10

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between hypersecretion and hyposecretion.

Introduction: The secretion of hormones in the body and its associated effects can be either exaggerated or diminished. The excessive secretion of the hormone is known as hypersecretion and secretion of hormones in little concentration is known as hyposecretion.

Answer 11

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between hypersecretion and hyposecretion.

Introduction: The secretion of hormones in the body and its associated effects can be either exaggerated or diminished. The excessive secretion of the hormone is known as hypersecretion and secretion of hormones in little concentration is known as hyposecretion.

Answer 12

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between anterior and posterior pituitary.

Introduction: The pituitary is a lima-bean sized structure that extends downward from the brain and is connected to it by a thin stalk and cradled in a protective pocket of bone. The pituitary is divided into two parts-anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. The pituitary gland is an important part of the immune system, and it is involved in secreting hormones into the blood stream.

Answer 13

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between anterior and posterior pituitary.

Introduction: The pituitary is a lima-bean sized structure that extends downward from the brain and is connected to it by a thin stalk and cradled in a protective pocket of bone. The pituitary is divided into two parts-anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. The pituitary gland is an important part of the immune system, and it is involved in secreting hormones into the blood stream.

Answer 14

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 7 - Name the membrane transport process by which...Ch. 7 - What is the suffix in a chemical name that tells...Ch. 7 - What is the classic definition of a hormone?Ch. 7 - Based on what you know about the organelles...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5CC Ch. 7 - The steroid hormone aldosterone has a short...Ch. 7 - In the blood glucose example, the increase in...Ch. 7 - Which insulin release pathway in Figure 7.7b is a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9CC Ch. 7 - Catecholamines belong to which chemical class of...

Solution Summary: The author explains the similarities and dissimilarities between paracrine signal, hormone, and cytokine.

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