Aggregate Functions: SQL has some built-in functions and they are called as aggregate functions. SQL contains five built-in functions. They are: SUM – This function is used to add values from the particular column. Syntax: SELECT SUM(column_Name) FROM table_Name; COUNT – This is used to count the number of rows for the particular column. Syntax: SELECT COUNT(column_Name) FROM table_Name; MAX – This function is used to get the maximum value from the column. Syntax: SELECT MAX(column_Name) FROM table_Name; MIN – This function is used to get the minimum value from the column. Syntax: SELECT MIN(column_Name) FROM table_Name; AVG – This function is used to get the average of all the values from the column. Syntax: SELECT AVG(column_Name) FROM table_Name; DISTINCT Keyword: “DISTINCT” keyword is used to avoid redundant data (removing duplicate values) from a column. The syntax for “DISTINCT” keyword is as follows: Syntax: SELECT DISTINCT column_Name FROM table_Name; “NOT IN” Keyword: “NOT IN” keyword retrieve the elements of first table and the contents is not matched in second table.

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7. See the code below and solve the following. public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { int result = 0; } result = fn(2,3); System.out.println("The result is: + result); // fn(x, 1) = x // fn(x, y) = fn(x, y-1) + 2, when y>1 public static int fn(int x, int y) { if (x <= 1) return x; else return fn(x, y-1) + 2; } } 7-1. This program has a bug that leads to infinite recursion. Modify fn(int x, int y) method to fix the problem. (2 point) 7-2. Manually trace the recursive call, fn(2,3) and show the output (step by step). (2 point) 7-3. Can you identify the Base Case in recursive method fn(int x, int y)? (1 point)

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Chapter 7, Problem 24P

Program Plan Intro

Aggregate Functions:

SQL has some built-in functions and they are called as aggregate functions. SQL contains five built-in functions. They are:

SUM – This function is used to add values from the particular column.

Syntax: SELECT SUM(column_Name) FROM table_Name;

COUNT – This is used to count the number of rows for the particular column.

Syntax: SELECT COUNT(column_Name) FROM table_Name;

MAX – This function is used to get the maximum value from the column.

Syntax: SELECT MAX(column_Name) FROM table_Name;

MIN – This function is used to get the minimum value from the column.

Syntax: SELECT MIN(column_Name) FROM table_Name;

AVG – This function is used to get the average of all the values from the column.

Syntax: SELECT AVG(column_Name) FROM table_Name;

DISTINCT Keyword: “DISTINCT” keyword is used to avoid redundant data (removing duplicate values) from a column. The syntax for “DISTINCT” keyword is as follows:

Syntax:

SELECT DISTINCT column_Name FROM table_Name;

“NOT IN” Keyword: “NOT IN” keyword retrieve the elements of first table and the contents is not matched in second table.

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