1 Introduction: Matter, Energy, And Measurement 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Chemical Reactions And Reaction Stoichiometry 4 Reactions In Aqueous Solution 5 Thermochemistry 6 Electronic Structure Of Atoms 7 Periodic Properties Of The Elements 8 Basic Concepts Of Chemical Bonding 9 Molecular Geometry And Bonding Theories 10 Gases 11 Liquids And Intermolecular Forces 12 Solids And Modern Materials 13 Properties Of Solutions 14 Chemical Kinetics 15 Chemical Equilibrium 16 Acid—base Equilibrium 17 Additional Aspects Of Aqueous Equilibrium 18 Chemistry Of The Environment 19 Chemical Thermodynamics 20 Electrochemistry 21 Nuclear Chemistry 22 Chemistry Of The Nonmetals 23 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 24 The Chemistry Of Life: Organic And Biological Chemistry expand_more
7.1 Development Of The Periodic Table 7.2 Effective Nuclear Charge 7.3 Sizes Of Atoms And Ions 7.4 Ionization Energy 7.5 Electron Affinity 7.6 Metals, Nonmetals, And Metalloids 7.7 Trends Of Group 1a And Group 2a Metals 7.8 Trends For Selected Nonmetals Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 1DE Problem 1E Problem 2E:
7.2 Which of these spheres represents F, which represents Br, and which represents Br ? [Section... Problem 3E Problem 4E Problem 5E Problem 6E Problem 7E Problem 8E Problem 9E Problem 10E Problem 11E Problem 12E:
7.12 Moseley's experiments on X rays emitted from atoms led to the concept of atomic numbers. (a)... Problem 13E: Among elements 1-18, which element or elements have the smallest effective nuclear charge if we use... Problem 14E Problem 15E: Detailed calculations show that the value of Zeff for the outermost electrons in Na and K atoms is... Problem 16E: Detailed calculations show that the value of Zeff for the outermost electrons in Si and Cl atoms is... Problem 17E: Which will experience the greater effective nuclear charge, the electrons in the n = 3 shell in Ar... Problem 18E: Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing effective nuclear charge experienced by the... Problem 19E Problem 20E Problem 21E: Tungsten has the highest melting point of any metal in the periodic table: 3422 °C. The distance... Problem 22E Problem 23E: Estimate the As-I bond length from the data in Figure 7.70 and compare your value to the... Problem 24E Problem 25E: Using only the periodic table, arrange each set of atoms in order from largest to smallest: (a) K,... Problem 26E: Using only the periodic table, arrange each set of atoms in order of increasing radius: (a) Ba, Ca,... Problem 27E Problem 28E Problem 29E: Which neutral atom is isoelectronic with each of the following ions? Ga3+ , Zr4+ , Mn7+ , I , Pb2+ . Problem 30E: Some ions do not have a corresponding neutral atom that has the same electron configuration. For... Problem 31E: Consider the isoelectronic ions F- and Na+. (a) Which ion is smaller? (b) Using Equation 7.1 and... Problem 32E Problem 33E Problem 34E: Arrange each of the following sets of atoms and ions, in order of increasing size: (a) Se2- Te2-,Se;... Problem 35E Problem 36E: In the ionic compoundsLiF,NaCI,KBr, andRbl, the measured cation-anion distances are 2.01 A (Li-F),... Problem 37E Problem 38E:
7.38 Write equations that show the process for (a) the first two ionization energies of lead and... Problem 39E Problem 40E Problem 41E Problem 42E: (a) What is the trend in first ionization energies as one proceeds down the group 7A elements?... Problem 43E Problem 44E Problem 45E Problem 46E Problem 47E Problem 48E Problem 49E: Write an equation for the second electron affinity of chlorine. Would you predict a positive or a... Problem 50E: If the electron affinity for an element is a negative number, does it mean that the anion of the... Problem 51E Problem 52E:
7.52 What is the relationship between the ionization energy of an anion with a 1 — charge such as... Problem 53E Problem 54E: Consider the following equation: Ca + (g) + e- ->Ca(g) Which of the following statements are true?... Problem 55E:
7.55(a) Does metallic character increase, decrease, or remain unchanged as one goes from left to... Problem 56E Problem 57E Problem 58E Problem 59E: Predict whether each of the following oxides is ionic or molecular: SnO2, Al2O3, CO2, Li2O, Fe2O3,... Problem 60E Problem 61E: Would you expect manganese(II) oxide, MnO, react more readily with HCl(aq) or NaOH(aq)? Problem 62E Problem 63E Problem 64E: An element X reacts with oxygen to form X02 and with chlorine to form XCI4. X02 is a white solid... Problem 65E Problem 66E Problem 67E Problem 68E Problem 69E Problem 70E: Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs in each of the following cases: (a) Cesium is... Problem 71E: (a) As described in Section 7.7 , the alkali metals react with hydrogen to form hydrides and react... Problem 72E Problem 73E Problem 74E Problem 75E Problem 76E Problem 77E Problem 78E Problem 79AE: Consider the stable elements through lead (Z = 82). In how many instances are the atomic weights of... Problem 80AE:
17.80]Figure 7.4 shows the radial probability distribution functions for the 2s orbitals and 2p... Problem 81AE: (a) If the core electrons were totally effective at screening the valence electrons and the valence... Problem 82AE Problem 83AE Problem 84AE Problem 85AE Problem 86AE: The following observations are made about two hypothetical elements A and B: The A-A and B-B bond... Problem 87AE Problem 88AE Problem 89AE Problem 90AE Problem 91AE: Explain the variation in the ionization energies of carbon, as displayed in this graph: Problem 92AE Problem 93AE Problem 94AE Problem 95AE Problem 96AE Problem 97AE Problem 98AE: The electron affinities. in kJ/mol, for the group 1B and group 2B metals are as follows. Cu -119 Zn... Problem 99AE:
7.99 Hydrogen is an unusual element because it behaves in some ways like the alkali metal elements... Problem 100AE Problem 101AE Problem 102AE: Which of the following is the expected product of the reaction of K(s) and H2(g)? (i) KH(s), (ii)... Problem 103AE: Elemental cesium reacts more violently with water than does elemental sodium. Which of the following... Problem 104AE Problem 105AE Problem 106AE Problem 107AE Problem 108AE Problem 109IE Problem 110IE Problem 111IE Problem 112IE: Mercury in the environment can exist in oxidation states 0, +1, and +2. One major question in... Problem 113IE: When magnesium metal is burned in air (Figure 3.6 ), two products are produced. One is magnesium... Problem 114IE Problem 115IE format_list_bulleted