Concept explainers
What are three attributes of mitochondria and chloroplasts that suggest they were once free-living bacteria?
To review:
The three attributes of mitochondria and chloroplasts that suggest they were once free-living bacteria.
Introduction:
Mitochondria and chloroplast are two different cell organelles. Mitochondria functions in the production of energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and the function of the chloroplast is to convert solar light energy into sugar.
Explanation of Solution
Mitochondria and chloroplast are the eukaryotic organelles, which are similar to the bacterial cell.
Similar to the bacterial genome, the mitochondria and chloroplast contain their own genetic material. The genetic material is in the form of small, circular chromosomes. The extra chromosomal material, that is, the plasmid, is also present in the mitochondria and chloroplast, similar to the bacteria. Since these organelles possess their own genetic material, they synthesize their own protein.
The mitochondria and chloroplast produce their own ribosomes. The protein production pattern in these organelles is also similar to that in bacteria. It starts with the N-formylmethionine amino acid.
The mitochondria and chloroplast make their own copies by the process of binary fission, which is same as the bacterial cell division. Mitochondria and chloroplast also divide and give rise to identical organelles like bacteria.
These attributes of the mitochondria and chloroplast suggest that these organelles were once free-living bacteria.
The three attributes of mitochondria and chloroplasts that suggest they were once free-living bacteria are that they both produce their own ribosomes as well as small, circular chromosomes, and they both divide independently by binary fission like bacteria.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
- What are biofertilizers and mention the significancearrow_forwardPCBs and River Otters: Otters in Washington State’s Green-Duwamish River have high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in their livers. PCBs can bind to the estrogen receptors in animals and disrupt the endocrine system of these otters. The PCBs seem to increase the estrogen to androgen ratio, skewing the ratio toward too much estrogen. How would increased estrogen affect the river otter population? Based on your reading of the materials in this unit, what factors can affect fertility in humans? Explain how each of the factors affecting human fertility that you described can disrupt the human endocrine system to affect reproduction.arrow_forwardOther than oil and alcohol, are there other liquids you could compare to water (that are liquid at room temperature)? How is water unique compared to these other liquids? What follow-up experiment would you like to do, and how would you relate it to your life?arrow_forward
- Selection of Traits What adaptations do scavengers have for locating and feeding on prey? What adaptations do predators have for capturing and consuming prey?arrow_forwardCompetition Between Species What natural processes limit populations from growing too large? What are some resources organisms can compete over in their natural habitat?arrow_forwardSpecies Interactions Explain how predators, prey and scavengers interact. Explain whether predators and scavengers are necessary or beneficial for an ecosystem.arrow_forward
- magine that you are conducting research on fruit type and seed dispersal. You submitted a paper to a peer-reviewed journal that addresses the factors that impact fruit type and seed dispersal mechanisms in plants of Central America. The editor of the journal communicates that your paper may be published if you make ‘minor revisions’ to the document. Describe two characteristics that you would expect in seeds that are dispersed by the wind. Contrast this with what you would expect for seeds that are gathered, buried or eaten by animals, and explain why they are different. (Editor’s note: Providing this information in your discussion will help readers to consider the significance of the research).arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between Uniporters, Symporters and Antiporters? Which of these are examples of active transport?arrow_forwardWhat are coupled transporters?arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax CollegeBiology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning