Which of the following pathways occurs in the cytosol? a. glycolysis b. breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group c. citric acid cycle d. oxidative phosphorylation e. all of the above

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 7, Problem 1TY

Which of the following pathways occurs in the cytosol?

a. glycolysis
b. breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group
c. citric acid cycle
d. oxidative phosphorylation
e. all of the above

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Conversion of glucose molecules to pyruvate molecules and the production of energy in the form of ATP and NADH occur through glycolysis. It is used for the cellular respiration of the cell through redox reactions. It may follow either the anaerobic pathway or the aerobic pathway to do so.

Answer to Problem 1TY

Correct answer: Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Glycolysis occurs through two main stages. In the first phase, two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are produced from glucose. In the second phase, the molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are converted to pyruvate. Both of these stages occur in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Option a. is given as “glycolysis”

The process of glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of cells. Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Reasons for incorrect answer:

Option b. is given as, “breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group”.

The outcome of glycolysis is pyruvate. It enters the mitochondria of the cell and is broken down to give acetyl molecules. The breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as, “citric acid cycle”.

The breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group occurs in the mitochondria. Further, acetyl coenzyme A reacts with oxaloacetate and enters the citric acid cycle. Citrate is produced by the reaction of acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as, “oxidative phosphorylation”.

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH₂ to oxygen molecules. This happens through a series of steps in which it passes though many electron carriers and results in the formation of ATP molecules. This occurs by the help of the enzyme ATP synthase present on the mitochondrial membrane. Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as, “all of the above”.

Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial membrane. Only glycolysis, represented by option a. occurs in the cytosol. Hence, option e. is incorrect.

Hence, the options b., c., d., and e. are incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, glycolysis occurs in the cytosol in two phases. Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial membrane.

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9. Aerobic respiration of one lipid molecule. The lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule connected to two fatty acid tails. One fatty acid is 12 carbons long and the other fatty acid is 18 carbons long in the figure below. Use the information below to determine how much ATP will be produced from the glycerol part of the lipid. Then, in part B, determine how much ATP is produced from the 2 fatty acids of the lipid. Finally put the NADH and ATP yields together from the glycerol and fatty acids (part A and B) to determine your total number of ATP produced per lipid. Assume no other carbon source is available. 18 carbons fatty acids 12 carbons 9 glycerol A. Glycerol is broken down to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, a glycolysis intermediate via the following pathway shown in the figure below. Notice this process costs one ATP but generates one FADH2. Continue generating ATP with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate using the standard pathway and aerobic respiration. glycerol glycerol-3- phosphate…

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 7, Problem 1TY

Which of the following pathways occurs in the cytosol?

a. glycolysis
b. breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group
c. citric acid cycle
d. oxidative phosphorylation
e. all of the above

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Conversion of glucose molecules to pyruvate molecules and the production of energy in the form of ATP and NADH occur through glycolysis. It is used for the cellular respiration of the cell through redox reactions. It may follow either the anaerobic pathway or the aerobic pathway to do so.

Answer to Problem 1TY

Correct answer: Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Glycolysis occurs through two main stages. In the first phase, two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are produced from glucose. In the second phase, the molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are converted to pyruvate. Both of these stages occur in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Option a. is given as “glycolysis”

The process of glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of cells. Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Reasons for incorrect answer:

Option b. is given as, “breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group”.

The outcome of glycolysis is pyruvate. It enters the mitochondria of the cell and is broken down to give acetyl molecules. The breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as, “citric acid cycle”.

The breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group occurs in the mitochondria. Further, acetyl coenzyme A reacts with oxaloacetate and enters the citric acid cycle. Citrate is produced by the reaction of acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as, “oxidative phosphorylation”.

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH₂ to oxygen molecules. This happens through a series of steps in which it passes though many electron carriers and results in the formation of ATP molecules. This occurs by the help of the enzyme ATP synthase present on the mitochondrial membrane. Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as, “all of the above”.

Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial membrane. Only glycolysis, represented by option a. occurs in the cytosol. Hence, option e. is incorrect.

Hence, the options b., c., d., and e. are incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, glycolysis occurs in the cytosol in two phases. Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial membrane.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 7, Problem 1TY

Which of the following pathways occurs in the cytosol?

a. glycolysis
b. breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group
c. citric acid cycle
d. oxidative phosphorylation
e. all of the above

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Conversion of glucose molecules to pyruvate molecules and the production of energy in the form of ATP and NADH occur through glycolysis. It is used for the cellular respiration of the cell through redox reactions. It may follow either the anaerobic pathway or the aerobic pathway to do so.

Answer to Problem 1TY

Correct answer: Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Glycolysis occurs through two main stages. In the first phase, two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are produced from glucose. In the second phase, the molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are converted to pyruvate. Both of these stages occur in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Option a. is given as “glycolysis”

The process of glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of cells. Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Reasons for incorrect answer:

Option b. is given as, “breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group”.

The outcome of glycolysis is pyruvate. It enters the mitochondria of the cell and is broken down to give acetyl molecules. The breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as, “citric acid cycle”.

The breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group occurs in the mitochondria. Further, acetyl coenzyme A reacts with oxaloacetate and enters the citric acid cycle. Citrate is produced by the reaction of acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as, “oxidative phosphorylation”.

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH₂ to oxygen molecules. This happens through a series of steps in which it passes though many electron carriers and results in the formation of ATP molecules. This occurs by the help of the enzyme ATP synthase present on the mitochondrial membrane. Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as, “all of the above”.

Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial membrane. Only glycolysis, represented by option a. occurs in the cytosol. Hence, option e. is incorrect.

Hence, the options b., c., d., and e. are incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, glycolysis occurs in the cytosol in two phases. Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial membrane.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 7, Problem 1TY

Which of the following pathways occurs in the cytosol?

a. glycolysis
b. breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group
c. citric acid cycle
d. oxidative phosphorylation
e. all of the above

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Conversion of glucose molecules to pyruvate molecules and the production of energy in the form of ATP and NADH occur through glycolysis. It is used for the cellular respiration of the cell through redox reactions. It may follow either the anaerobic pathway or the aerobic pathway to do so.

Answer to Problem 1TY

Correct answer: Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Glycolysis occurs through two main stages. In the first phase, two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are produced from glucose. In the second phase, the molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are converted to pyruvate. Both of these stages occur in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Option a. is given as “glycolysis”

The process of glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of cells. Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Reasons for incorrect answer:

Option b. is given as, “breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group”.

The outcome of glycolysis is pyruvate. It enters the mitochondria of the cell and is broken down to give acetyl molecules. The breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as, “citric acid cycle”.

The breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group occurs in the mitochondria. Further, acetyl coenzyme A reacts with oxaloacetate and enters the citric acid cycle. Citrate is produced by the reaction of acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as, “oxidative phosphorylation”.

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH₂ to oxygen molecules. This happens through a series of steps in which it passes though many electron carriers and results in the formation of ATP molecules. This occurs by the help of the enzyme ATP synthase present on the mitochondrial membrane. Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as, “all of the above”.

Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial membrane. Only glycolysis, represented by option a. occurs in the cytosol. Hence, option e. is incorrect.

Hence, the options b., c., d., and e. are incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, glycolysis occurs in the cytosol in two phases. Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial membrane.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Conversion of glucose molecules to pyruvate molecules and the production of energy in the form of ATP and NADH occur through glycolysis. It is used for the cellular respiration of the cell through redox reactions. It may follow either the anaerobic pathway or the aerobic pathway to do so.

Answer to Problem 1TY

Correct answer: Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Glycolysis occurs through two main stages. In the first phase, two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are produced from glucose. In the second phase, the molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are converted to pyruvate. Both of these stages occur in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Option a. is given as “glycolysis”

The process of glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of cells. Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Reasons for incorrect answer:

Option b. is given as, “breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group”.

The outcome of glycolysis is pyruvate. It enters the mitochondria of the cell and is broken down to give acetyl molecules. The breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as, “citric acid cycle”.

The breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group occurs in the mitochondria. Further, acetyl coenzyme A reacts with oxaloacetate and enters the citric acid cycle. Citrate is produced by the reaction of acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as, “oxidative phosphorylation”.

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH₂ to oxygen molecules. This happens through a series of steps in which it passes though many electron carriers and results in the formation of ATP molecules. This occurs by the help of the enzyme ATP synthase present on the mitochondrial membrane. Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as, “all of the above”.

Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial membrane. Only glycolysis, represented by option a. occurs in the cytosol. Hence, option e. is incorrect.

Hence, the options b., c., d., and e. are incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, glycolysis occurs in the cytosol in two phases. Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Conversion of glucose molecules to pyruvate molecules and the production of energy in the form of ATP and NADH occur through glycolysis. It is used for the cellular respiration of the cell through redox reactions. It may follow either the anaerobic pathway or the aerobic pathway to do so.

Answer to Problem 1TY

Correct answer: Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Glycolysis occurs through two main stages. In the first phase, two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are produced from glucose. In the second phase, the molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are converted to pyruvate. Both of these stages occur in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Option a. is given as “glycolysis”

The process of glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of cells. Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Reasons for incorrect answer:

Option b. is given as, “breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group”.

The outcome of glycolysis is pyruvate. It enters the mitochondria of the cell and is broken down to give acetyl molecules. The breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as, “citric acid cycle”.

The breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group occurs in the mitochondria. Further, acetyl coenzyme A reacts with oxaloacetate and enters the citric acid cycle. Citrate is produced by the reaction of acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as, “oxidative phosphorylation”.

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH₂ to oxygen molecules. This happens through a series of steps in which it passes though many electron carriers and results in the formation of ATP molecules. This occurs by the help of the enzyme ATP synthase present on the mitochondrial membrane. Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as, “all of the above”.

Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial membrane. Only glycolysis, represented by option a. occurs in the cytosol. Hence, option e. is incorrect.

Hence, the options b., c., d., and e. are incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, glycolysis occurs in the cytosol in two phases. Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

Introduction: Conversion of glucose molecules to pyruvate molecules and the production of energy in the form of ATP and NADH occur through glycolysis. It is used for the cellular respiration of the cell through redox reactions. It may follow either the anaerobic pathway or the aerobic pathway to do so.

Answer 12

Answer to Problem 1TY

Correct answer: Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Glycolysis occurs through two main stages. In the first phase, two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are produced from glucose. In the second phase, the molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are converted to pyruvate. Both of these stages occur in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Option a. is given as “glycolysis”

The process of glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of cells. Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Reasons for incorrect answer:

Option b. is given as, “breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group”.

The outcome of glycolysis is pyruvate. It enters the mitochondria of the cell and is broken down to give acetyl molecules. The breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as, “citric acid cycle”.

The breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group occurs in the mitochondria. Further, acetyl coenzyme A reacts with oxaloacetate and enters the citric acid cycle. Citrate is produced by the reaction of acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as, “oxidative phosphorylation”.

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH₂ to oxygen molecules. This happens through a series of steps in which it passes though many electron carriers and results in the formation of ATP molecules. This occurs by the help of the enzyme ATP synthase present on the mitochondrial membrane. Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as, “all of the above”.

Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial membrane. Only glycolysis, represented by option a. occurs in the cytosol. Hence, option e. is incorrect.

Hence, the options b., c., d., and e. are incorrect.

Answer 14

Conclusion

Thus, glycolysis occurs in the cytosol in two phases. Breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl group and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial membrane.