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Concept explainers
The reason to hold the comprehensive knowledge of carpentry details and practices for the estimator of carpentry work.

Explanation of Solution
The estimate for any project is to be prepared before the work and various factors influence and contribute to the cost of the work. So before making an estimate for any carpentry or any work, comprehensive and detailed knowledge of principal and practices of the project is required.
The drawing of the project contains information regarding designing, dimension and location of the project but very few details are provided on the drawings of carpentry work of a housing project. It is assumed by architecture that the construction of the building is done by the builder as per the standard codes of the building and construction of the particular area.
So the estimator should be well-known to the building codes and standard methods of framing in the area for accurately estimating the work. He should be also known to the conditions which may require extra work such as the requirement of additional studs, joist and reinforced joints for completion of the project.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
MindTap Construction for Pratt's Fundamentals of Construction Estimating, 4th Edition [Instant Access], 2 terms (12 months)
- = Assume an origin is connected to a destination with two routes. Assume the travel time of each route has a linear relationship with the traffic flow on the route (t₁ = α₁ + b₁×₁ ; t₂ b2x2). Determine under what condition (e.g. a relationship among the parameters of the performance functions) tolling cannot reduce the total travel time of the two routes. a2+arrow_forwardFor the soil system presented below, calculate and draw diagrams of distributions of the totaland effective stresses and pore water pressure. Assume an upward water flow with a velocity of0.000,001 cm/s.arrow_forwardRefer to attached problem.arrow_forward
- Calculate: a) effective stresses at points A and B before the placement of foundations 1 and 2, b)the increase of pressure at point A as a result of the placement of the circular foundation 1, c) theincrease of pressure at point B as a result of the placement of the strip foundation 2.arrow_forwardConsider the total head-loss in the system forthis flow is 18.56 ft (head-losses in first and second pipe are 13.83 ft and 4.73 ftrespectively). Please show numerical values for EGL/HGL at the beginning/end/intermediatechange point. (Point distribution: elevation determination 5 points, EGL, HGL lines 4points)arrow_forwardAs shown in the figure below, a 1.5 m × 1.5 m footing is carrying a 400 kN load. P Depth (m) 0.0 1.0 2.0 Df Groundwater table (Yw = 9.81 kN/m³) 3.5 Yt = 16.5 kN/m³ E = 9,000 kPa Sandy soil Ysat 17.5 kN/m³ E = 15,000 kPa 6.0 Stiff Clay (OCR = 2) Bedrock Ysat 18.0 kN/m³ eo = 0.8 Cc = 0.15, Cr = 0.02 Eu =40,000 kPa (a) Estimate the immediate settlement beneath the center of the footing. Assuming that Poisson's ratios of sand and soft clay are 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. Use numerical integration approach. For the calculations, use layers (below the bottom of the footing) of thicknesses: 1 m; 1.5 m, and 2.5 m. (b) Determine the primary consolidation settlement beneath the center of the footing. (c) Redo Part (b) if OCR=1.1. Note: Use the 2:1 method to determine the stress increase below the footing. For parts (b) and (c), use the one-dimensional consolidation theory.arrow_forward
- Assuming that the whole DMV is only handled by one queue and one server and both the arrival rate (20 customer per hour) and the service rate (30 customers per hour) random variables are Markovian. (a) What is the mean queue length? [3 pts] (b) Percentage of Idle time of the server? [3 pts] (c) Average number in the queue? [3 pts] (d) Average number in the system? [3 pts] (e) The average wait time in the queue? [3 pts] (f) The average wait time in the system? [3 pts] (g) The probability that no one is in the system. [2 pts]arrow_forwardA toll booth on the Thruway experiences an average inter-arrival time of 3 minutes between each vehicle. As an operator, you want to have a mean queue length of at most 2 vehicles. What mean service rate (per hour) will the toll booth need to provide?arrow_forwardA freeway is to be designed at a location on level terrain for an annual average daily traffic (AADT) of 45,000 vehicles per day. For a conversion of AADT to an annual hourly volume, assume that the K-factor is 0.10 (i.e., the 30th highest hourly volume of the year). In addition, 55% of the peak-hour traffic volume is expected to travel in the peak direction (D = 0.55). This freeway segment will be for regular commuters. Other estimates include: PHF of 0.95, free-flow speed of 65 mph, and 20% trucks of the traffic stream. In order to determine the number of lanes required to provide at least LOS C, answer the following questions. (a) Determine Free Flow Speed (FFS) [4 pts] (b) Find the directional design-hour volume (DDHV) [4 pts] (c) Find fHv [4 pts] (d) Determine the number of lanes required. [4 pts] (e) Check the expected LOS for 2-directional lanes on this freeway segment. [4 pts]arrow_forward
- Observing a deterministic queue in 3 hours, suppose vehicles arrive at a rate of 500 vph for the first hour and 150 vph for the second and third hours. The service rate is 150 vph for the first two hours. The server can discharge 500 vehicles for the last hour. (a) What is the queue length after 30 minutes? [4 pts] (b) What is the maximum queue length? [4 pts] (c) When does the maximum queue happen? [4 pts] (d) What is the total delay? [4 pts] (e) Describe how the queue grows and discharges in this queuing process. [4 pts]arrow_forwardPlease explain step by step and show the formula usedarrow_forwardFind the increase of pressure at points A and B due to a loading q=400 kPa placed on the givenfoundation.arrow_forward
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