Chapter 7, Problem 1RQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The term “acid” should be defined by giving an example.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical properties of an acid and a base are different from each other because both are chemically opposite. Acid and base reacts with each other to form water and salt. The reaction is known as neutralization reaction. In aqueous solution, acid gives hydrogen ion/s and base gives hydroxide ion/s these positive and negative ions combined to form H₂O and affect the concentration of aqueous solution.

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Solution:

A compound that gives H+ ion/s in the aqueous solution and turns litmus indicator dye to red is termed as an acid. For example: Hydrogen chloride

Explanation of Solution

An acid is a compound with some particular properties such as sour in taste and its reaction with base results in the formation of salt and water. It turns litmus indicator dye to red. On reaction with metals, hydrogen gas H₂ is released. They also produce H+ ion/s in aqueous solution.

Example of an acid is hydrogen chlorideIt is a strong acid and completely dissociates into H+ and ions in the aqueous solution.

Conclusion

Hydrogen chloride is an acid because it gives H+ ion in the aqueous solution. Also, it turns litmus indicator dye to red. On reaction with metals such as zinc and iron it produces H₂ gas.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The term “base” should be defined by giving an example.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical properties of an acid and a base are different from each other because both are chemically opposite. Acid and base reacts with each other to form water and salt. The reaction is known as neutralization reaction. In aqueous solution, acid gives hydrogen ion/s and base gives hydroxide ion/s these positive and negative ions combined to form H₂O and affect the concentration of aqueous solution.

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Solution:

A compound that gives OH- ion/s in the aqueous solution and turns litmus indicator dye to blue is termed as a base. For example: Sodium hydroxide

Explanation of Solution

A base is a compound with some particular properties such as bitter in taste and its reaction with acid results in the formation of salt and water. It turns litmus indicator dye to blue. It feels slippery on the skin. It produces OH- ion/s in the aqueous solution.

Example of a base is sodium hydroxideIt is a strong base and completely dissociates into Na+ and ions in the aqueous solution.

Conclusion

Sodium hydroxide is a base because it produces OH- ion in the aqueous solution. Also, it turns litmus indicator dye to blue. It reacts with acid to form salt and water.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The term “salt” should be defined by giving an example.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical properties of an acid and a base are different from each other because both are chemically opposite. Acid and base reacts with each other to form water and salt. The reaction is known as neutralization reaction. In aqueous solution, acid gives hydrogen ion/s and base gives hydroxide ion/s these positive and negative ions combined to form H₂O and affect the concentration of aqueous solution.

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Solution:

Salt is defined as an ionic compound formed from the reaction of an acid and a base. For example: sodium chloridewhich is formed from the reaction of and as follows:

   

Explanation of Solution

If an acid reacts with a base, salt is formed. It is an ionic compound because it is made up of ions of acid and base. A salt is formed from neutralization reaction of an acid and a base therefore, it is neutral in nature.

For example: Sodium chloridewhich is formed from the reaction of and as follows:

   

Conclusion

Thus, salt is an ionic compound such as sodium chloride which is formed from the reaction of (acid) and (base).