Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780078027680
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Robert H. Turner, John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 7, Problem 1P
To determine
The imaginary process that violates both
Expert Solution & Answer
Explanation of Solution
The first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of heat is transferred from one system to another in the form of energy. It means that energy cannot form or be lost.
The 2nd law of thermodynamics explains that total available entropy of any specified isolated system will never reduce with respect to time. The entropy will always be constant for the cases where the given system is in equilibrium or go through reversible process.
For violation of both rules, consider that a 7 kWh electric power device transfers 6 kWh of energy into an electric wire.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
56
Clamps like the one shown are commonly used in
woodworking applications. This clamp has the dimensions
given in the table below the figure, and its jaws are
mm thick (in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the
picture).
a.) The screws of the clamp are adjusted so that there is a
uniform pressure of P = 150 kPa being applied to the
workpieces by the jaws. Determine the force carried in each
screw. Hint: the uniform pressure can be modeled in 2-D as a
uniform distributed load with intensity w = Pt (units of
N/m) acting over the length of contact between the jaw and
the workpiece.
b.) Determine the minimum vertical force (parallel to the
jaws) required to pull either one of the workpieces out of the
clamp jaws. Use a coefficient of static friction between all
contacting surfaces of μs = 0.56 and the same clamping
pressure given for part (a).
2013 Michael Swanbom
A
B
C
a
Values for dimensions on the figure are given in the following
table. Note the figure may not be to scale.…
Determine the force in each member of the space truss given
F=5 kN. Use positive to indicate tension and negative to
indicate compression.
F
E
Z
-2 m.
B
3 m
C
5 m
3 m
A
-4 m.
AB
=
KN
FAC =
FAD =
KN
KN
KN
FBC =
KN
FBD
FBE
=
=
KN
F
A short brass cyclinder (denisty=8530 kg/m^3, cp=0.389 kJ/kgK, k=110 W/mK, and alpha=3.39*10^-5 m^2/s) of diameter 4 cm and height 20 cm is initially at uniform temperature of 150 degrees C. The cylinder is now placed in atmospheric air at 20 degrees C, where heat transfer takes place by convection with a heat transfer coefficent of 40 W/m^2K. Calculate (a) the center temp of the cylinder, (b) the center temp of the top surface of the cylinder, and (c) the total heat transfer from the cylinder 15 min after the start of the cooling. Solve this problem using the analytical one term approximation method. (Answer: (a) 45.7C, (b)45.3C, (c)87.2 kJ)
Chapter 7 Solutions
Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences
Ch. 7 - Prob. 1PCh. 7 - Describe an imaginary process that satisfies the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3PCh. 7 - Prob. 4PCh. 7 - Prob. 5PCh. 7 - Prob. 6PCh. 7 - What are the characteristics of all heat engines?
Ch. 7 - Prob. 8PCh. 7 - Prob. 9PCh. 7 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 7 - Does a heat engine that has a thermal efficiency...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12PCh. 7 - Are the efficiencies of all the work-producing...Ch. 7 - Consider a pan of water being heated (a) by...Ch. 7 - A steam power plant receives heat from a furnace...Ch. 7 - Prob. 16PCh. 7 - Prob. 17PCh. 7 - The thermal efficiency of a general heat engine is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19PCh. 7 - Prob. 20PCh. 7 - Prob. 21PCh. 7 - Prob. 22PCh. 7 - Prob. 23PCh. 7 - In 2001, the United States produced 51 percent of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 25PCh. 7 - Prob. 26PCh. 7 - Prob. 27PCh. 7 - Prob. 28PCh. 7 - Prob. 29PCh. 7 - Prob. 30PCh. 7 - Prob. 31PCh. 7 - Prob. 32PCh. 7 - Prob. 33PCh. 7 - Prob. 34PCh. 7 - Prob. 35PCh. 7 - What is the Clausius expression of the second law...Ch. 7 - Show that the Kelvin–Planck and the Clausius...Ch. 7 - Prob. 38PCh. 7 - Prob. 39PCh. 7 - A residential heat pump has a coefficient of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 41PCh. 7 - Prob. 42PCh. 7 - Prob. 43PCh. 7 - A household refrigerator that has a power input of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 45PCh. 7 - Prob. 46PCh. 7 - Prob. 47PCh. 7 - Prob. 48PCh. 7 - A household refrigerator runs one-fourth of the...Ch. 7 - A heat pump used to heat a house runs about...Ch. 7 - Prob. 51PCh. 7 - Consider a building whose annual air-conditioning...Ch. 7 - Prob. 53PCh. 7 - Prob. 54PCh. 7 - Prob. 55PCh. 7 - Prob. 56PCh. 7 - Prob. 57PCh. 7 - Why does a nonquasi-equilibrium compression...Ch. 7 - Prob. 59PCh. 7 - Prob. 60PCh. 7 - Prob. 61PCh. 7 - Prob. 62PCh. 7 - Prob. 63PCh. 7 - Prob. 64PCh. 7 - Prob. 65PCh. 7 - Prob. 66PCh. 7 - Prob. 67PCh. 7 - Is there any way to increase the efficiency of a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 69PCh. 7 - Prob. 70PCh. 7 - Prob. 71PCh. 7 - Prob. 72PCh. 7 - Prob. 73PCh. 7 - Prob. 74PCh. 7 - Prob. 75PCh. 7 - An inventor claims to have devised a cyclical...Ch. 7 - A heat engine receives heat from a heat source at...Ch. 7 - In tropical climates, the water near the surface...Ch. 7 - A well-established way of power generation...Ch. 7 - Prob. 80PCh. 7 - Prob. 81PCh. 7 - Prob. 82PCh. 7 - Prob. 83PCh. 7 - Prob. 84PCh. 7 - Prob. 85PCh. 7 - Prob. 86PCh. 7 - Prob. 87PCh. 7 - Prob. 88PCh. 7 - Prob. 89PCh. 7 - Prob. 90PCh. 7 - Prob. 91PCh. 7 - Prob. 92PCh. 7 - Prob. 93PCh. 7 - Prob. 94PCh. 7 - Prob. 95PCh. 7 - Prob. 96PCh. 7 - Prob. 97PCh. 7 - Prob. 98PCh. 7 - Prob. 99PCh. 7 - Prob. 100PCh. 7 - Prob. 101PCh. 7 - Prob. 102PCh. 7 - Prob. 103PCh. 7 - Prob. 104PCh. 7 - Prob. 105PCh. 7 - Prob. 106RQCh. 7 - Prob. 107RQCh. 7 - Prob. 108RQCh. 7 - Prob. 109RQCh. 7 - Prob. 110RQCh. 7 - Prob. 111RQCh. 7 - Prob. 112RQCh. 7 - Prob. 114RQCh. 7 - Prob. 115RQCh. 7 - Prob. 117RQCh. 7 - Prob. 118RQCh. 7 - Prob. 119RQCh. 7 - Prob. 120RQCh. 7 - Prob. 121RQCh. 7 - Prob. 122RQCh. 7 - Prob. 123RQCh. 7 - Prob. 124RQCh. 7 - Prob. 125RQCh. 7 - Prob. 127RQCh. 7 - The drinking water needs of a production facility...Ch. 7 - Prob. 129RQCh. 7 - Prob. 131RQCh. 7 - Prob. 132RQCh. 7 - Prob. 133RQCh. 7 - Prob. 134RQCh. 7 - Prob. 136RQCh. 7 - Prob. 137RQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A short brass cyclinder (denisty=8530 kg/m^3, cp=0.389 kJ/kgK, k=110 W/mK, and alpha=3.39*10^-5 m^2/s) of diameter 4 cm and height 20 cm is initially at uniform temperature of 150 degrees C. The cylinder is now placed in atmospheric air at 20 degrees C, where heat transfer takes place by convection with a heat transfer coefficent of 40 W/m^2K. Calculate (a) the center temp of the cylinder, (b) the center temp of the top surface of the cylinder, and (c) the total heat transfer from the cylinder 15 min after the start of the cooling. Solve this problem using the analytical one term approximation method.arrow_forwardA 6 cm high rectangular ice block (k=2.22 W/mK, and alpha=0.124*10^-7 m^2/s) initially at -18 degrees C is placed on a table on its square base 4 cm by 4cm in size in a room at 18 degrees C. The heat transfer coefficent on the exposed surfaces of the ice block is 12 W/m^2K. Disregarding any heat transfer from the base to the table, determine how long it will be before the ice block starts melting. Where on the ice block will the first liquid droplets appear? Solve this problem using the analytical one-term approximation method.arrow_forwardConsider a piece of steel undergoing a decarburization process at 925 degrees C. the mass diffusivity of carbon in steel at 925 degrees C is 1*10^-7 cm^2/s. Determine the depth below the surface of the steel at which the concentration of carbon is reduced to 40 percent from its initial value as a result of the decarburization process for (a) an hour and (b) 10 hours. Assume the concnetration of carbon at the surface is zero throughout the decarburization process.arrow_forward
- Please do not rely too much on chatgpt, because its answer may be wrong. Please consider it carefully and give your own answer. You can borrow ideas from gpt, but please do not believe its answer.Very very grateful! Please do not copy other's work,i will be very very grateful!!arrow_forwardMultiple Choice Circle the best answer to each statement. 1. Which geometry attribute deviation(s) can be limited with a profile of a surface tolerance? A. Location B. Orientation C. Form D. All of the above 2. A true profile may be defined with: A. Basic radii B. Basic angles C. Formulas D. All of the above 3. Which modifier may be applied to the profile tolerance value? A B C. D. All of the above 4. The default tolerance zone for a profile tolerance is: A. Non-uniform B. Unilateral C. Bilateral equal distribution D. Bilateral-unequal distribution 5. An advantage of using a profile tolerance in place of a coordinate tolerance is: A. A bonus tolerance is permitted. B. A datum feature sequence may be specified C. A profile tolerance always controls size D. All of the above 6. The shape of the tolerance zone for a profile tolerance is: A. Two parallel planes B. The same as the true profile of the toleranced surface C. Equal bilateral D. Cylindrical when the diameter symbol is speci- fied…arrow_forwardOne thousand kg/h of a (50-50 wt%) acetone-in-water solution is to be extracted at 25C in a continuous, countercurrent system with pure 1,1,2-trichloroethane to obtain a raffinate containing 10 wt% acetone. Using the following equilibrium data, determine with an equilateral-triangle diagram: a- the minimum flow rate of solvent; b- the number of stages required for a solvent rate equal to 1.5 times minimum, and composition of each streamleaving each stage. c- Repeat the calculation of (a) and (b) if the solvent used has purity 93wt% (4wr% acetone, 3wt% water impurities) acetone water 1,1,2-trichloroethane Raffinate. Weight Extract. Weight 0.6 0.13 0.27 Fraction Acetone Fraction Acetone 0.5 0.04 0.46 0.44 0.56 0.4 0.03 0.57 0.29 0.40 0.3 0.02 0.68 0.12 0.18 0.2 0.015 0.785 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.01 0.89 0.55 0.35 0.1 0.5 0.43 0.07 0.4 0.57 0.03 0.3 0.68 0.02 0.2 0.79 0.01 0.1 0.895 0.005arrow_forward
- 2500 kg/hr of (20-80) nicotine water solution is to be extracted with benzene containing 0.5% nicotine in the 1st and 2ed stages while the 3rd stage is free of nicotine. Cross- current operation is used with different amounts of solvent for each stages 2000kg/hr in the 1st stage, 2300 kg/hr in the 2nd stage, 2600 kg/hr in the 3rd, determine: - a- The final raffinate concentration and % extraction. b- b- The minimum amount of solvent required for counter-current operation if the minimum concentration will be reduced to 5% in the outlet raffinate. Equilibrium data Wt % Nicotine in water Wt % Nicotine in benzene 0 4 16 25 0 4 21 30arrow_forwardQuiz/An eccentrically loaded bracket is welded to the support as shown in Figure below. The load is static. The weld size for weld w1 is h1=6mm, for w2 h2 5mm, and for w3 is h3 -5.5 mm. Determine the safety factor (S.f) for the welds. F=22 kN. Use an AWS Electrode type (E90xx). 140 101.15 REDMI NOTE 8 PRO AI QUAD CAMERA Farrow_forward(read image)arrow_forward
- Problem 3.30 A piston-cylinder device contains 0.85 kg of refrigerant- 134a at -10°C. The piston that is free to move has a mass of 12 kg and a diameter of 25 cm. The local atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. Now, heat is transferred to refrigerant-134a until the temperature is 15°C. Determine (a) the final pressure, (b) the change in the volume of the refrigerant, and (c) the change in the enthalpy of the refrigerant-134a. please show Al work step by steparrow_forwardPart 1 The storage tank contains lubricating oil of specific gravity 0.86 In one inclined side of the tank, there is a 0.48 m diameter circular inspection door, mounted on a horizontal shaft along the centre line of the gate. The oil level in the tank rests 8.8 m above the mounted shaft. (Please refer table 01 for relevant SG, D and h values). Describe the hydrostatic force and centre of pressure with the aid of a free body diagram of the inspection door. Calculate the magnitude of the hydrostatic force and locate the centre of pressure. 45° Estimate the moment that would have to be applied to the shaft to open the gate. Stop B If the oil level raised by 2 m from the current level, calculate the new moment required to open the gate. Figure 01arrow_forwardFrom thermodynamics please fill in the table show all work step by steparrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Elements Of ElectromagneticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9780190698614Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9780134319650Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering ApproachMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781259822674Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. BolesPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems EngineeringMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118170519Author:Norman S. NisePublisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337093347Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. GerePublisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: StaticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118807330Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. BoltonPublisher:WILEY
Elements Of Electromagnetics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780134319650
Author:Russell C. Hibbeler
Publisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781259822674
Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118170519
Author:Norman S. Nise
Publisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781337093347
Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. Gere
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118807330
Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. Bolton
Publisher:WILEY
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY