6th Edition

ISBN: 9781260239775

Author: BROOKER

Publisher: MCG

Concept explainers

The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial g…

Transformation Experiment in Bacteria

In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.

Plasmids and Vectors

The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic mate…

Videos

Textbook Question

Chapter 7, Problem 16CONQ

Antibiotics such as tetracycline, streptomycin, and bacitracin are small organic molecules that are synthesized by particular species of bacteria. Microbiologists have hypothesized that the reason why certain bacteria make antibiotics is to kill other species that occupy the same environment. Bacteria that produce an antibiotic may be able to kill competing species. This provides more resources for the antibiotic-producing bacteria. In addition, bacteria that have the genes necessary for antibiotic biosynthesis contain genes that confer resistance to the same antibiotic. For example, tetracycline is made by the soil bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens. Besides the genes that are needed to make tetracycline, S. aureofaciens also has genes that confer tetracycline resistance; otherwise, it would kill itself when it makes tetracycline. In recent years, however, many other species of bacteria that do not synthesize tetracycline have acquired the genes that confer tetracycline resistance. For example, certain strains of E. coli carry tetracycline-resistance genes, even though E. coli does not synthesize tetracycline. When these genes were analyzed at the molecular level, it was found that they are evolutionarily related to the genes in S. aureofaciens. This observation indicates that the genes from S. aureofaciens have been transferred to E. coli.

A. What form of genetic transfer (i.e., conjugation, transduction, or transformation) is the most likely mechanism of interspecies gene transfer?

B. Because S. aureofaciens is a nonpathogenic soil bacterium and E. coli is an enteric bacterium, do you think the genetic transfer was direct, or do you think it may have occurred in multiple steps (i.e., from S. aureofaciens to other bacterial species and then to E. coli)?

C. How could the widespread use of antibiotics to treat diseases have contributed to the proliferation of many bacterial species that are resistant to antibiotics?

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Chapter 7, Problem 15CONQ

Chapter 7, Problem 1EQ

Students have asked these similar questions

6. The mammalian phylogenies (labeled a and b) were produced by two different research groups. a. In which tree do phylogenetic relationships most closely align with biogeography and why? (consult the Teeling and Hedges paper) b. What are the most closely related species to Chiroptera in each tree? Might the use of convergent traits for building phylogenies explain this difference? If so, which tree is most likely to have relied on convergent traits and why? c. What are some possible reasons that the two research groups came up with different phylogenies (in general terms)? describe at least three possible reasons.

Build a model of a prokaryotic cell using any material of your choice. In your model be sure to include all the structures appropriate to your cell. You may model a bacterial cell or an archaea. You will model at least 4 structures in any model. Next, build a model of a virus using the same type of materials. You may choose any type of virus but be sure you can illustrate the key features of a virus (head shape for example). Once complete, take multiple photographs of your models from all angles. Include these images in a document that also contains the following completed table format. You may need to add rows to your table depending on the type of prokaryote you model. Structure Model Key Found in Different in Function Virus Virus Once your model is complete, write a brief description of your cell and your virus. Emphasize features that are absent in viruses that classify them as non-living. You can refer to specific structures in your table in this explanation. Some suggestions for…

(This is a 2-part work, Part 1 is done, only Part 2 is to be worked on at the bottom)Part 1 (Done): Describe the levels of structural hierarchy for the human body, starting with the organismal level and ending with the chemical level. In addition, you should make sure you link each level to the previous level, emphasizing the structural relationships. The human body is organized into a structural hierarchy that progresses from the macroscopic organismal level down to the microscopic chemical level. Each level builds upon the previous one, creating increasingly complex structures. Below is the hierarchy, from largest to smallest, with explanations linking each level to its predecessor: 1. Organismal Level The entire living human body.Relationship: All lower levels work together to sustain life at this highest level. 2. Organ System Level Groups of organs working together to perform major functions.Examples: circulatory, nervous, digestive systems.Relationship: The organismal…

Chapter 7 Solutions

GENETICS:ANALYSIS+PRIN.(LL)-W/ACCESS

Ch. 7.1 - 1. A form of genetic transfer that involves the...Ch. 7.2 - 1. A bacterial cell with an F factor conjugates...Ch. 7.2 - 2. Which of the following is a type of plasmid?...Ch. 7.3 - 1. With regard to conjugation, a key difference...Ch. 7.3 - 2. In mapping experiments, ______ strains are...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1COMQ Ch. 7.4 - Cotransduction may be used to map bacterial genes...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1COMQ Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 2COMQ Ch. 7.6 - 1. Which of the following is an example of...

Ch. 7 - 1. The terms conjugation, transduction, and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2CONQ Ch. 7 - If you mix together an equal number of F+ and F...Ch. 7 - What is the difference between an F+ and an Hfr...Ch. 7 - 5. What is the role of the origin of transfer...Ch. 7 - 6. What is the role of sex pili during...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7CONQ Ch. 7 - Prob. 8CONQ Ch. 7 - Prob. 9CONQ Ch. 7 - 10. What is cotransduction? What determines the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11CONQ Ch. 7 - Prob. 12CONQ Ch. 7 - Describe the steps that occur during bacterial...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14CONQ Ch. 7 - Prob. 15CONQ Ch. 7 - Antibiotics such as tetracycline, streptomycin,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1EQ Ch. 7 - 2. In the experiment of Figure 7.1, Lederberg and...Ch. 7 - Explain how a U-tube apparatus can distinguish...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4EQ Ch. 7 - 5. In a conjugation experiment, what is meant by...Ch. 7 - In your laboratory, you have an F strain of E....Ch. 7 - 7. As mentioned in question 2 of More Genetic...Ch. 7 - An Hfr strain that is hisE+ and pheA+ was mixed...Ch. 7 - Acridine orange is a chemical that inhibits the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10EQ Ch. 7 - Prob. 11EQ Ch. 7 - Lets suppose a new strain of P1 phage has been...Ch. 7 - If two bacterial genes are 0.6 minute apart on the...Ch. 7 - 14. In a cotransduction experiment involving P1,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15EQ Ch. 7 - Prob. 16EQ Ch. 7 - 1. Discuss the advantages of the genetic analysis...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2QSDC

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Solution Summary: The author explains how different types of antibiotics are used to produce antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria.

Concept explainers

Videos

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 7 Solutions