Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 7, Problem 14Q
To determine
The average speed of hydrogen atoms at the surface of the Sun.
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6.
You are an astronomer and are searching for planets in other stellar systems for which conditions on the surface of the planets are similar to the Earth. You have identified a candidate star, Tycho1601 that you know has same size to the Sun but 1.4 times the surface temperature of the Sun (our Sun). Around that star there are four planetsrotating around it. You are about to invest valuable telescope time in studying the individual planets which one you start with?A) Planet TychoA located at a distance that is half the distance between our Earth and our Sun.B) Planet TychoB located at a distance that is equal to the distance between our Earth and our Sun.C) Planet TychoC located at a distance that is double the distance between our Earthand our Sun.D) Planet TychoD located at a distance that is ten times the distance between our Earth and our Sun.
A window has heavy curtains in front of it. At night the curtains are closed to minimise heat loss.
During the day the curtains are pulled aside exposing the glass window. How much heat is lost
through the 1.0 m x 1.0 m square glass window pane that is 4mm thick when the inside
temperature is 20 degree C and the outside temperature is -6 C (negative 6.0) in 12 hrs?
( 1m = 100 cm) (1m = 1000mm)
%3D
Chapter 7 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
Ch. 7 - Prob. 1QCh. 7 - Prob. 2QCh. 7 - Prob. 3QCh. 7 - Prob. 4QCh. 7 - Prob. 5QCh. 7 - Prob. 6QCh. 7 - Prob. 7QCh. 7 - Prob. 8QCh. 7 - Prob. 9QCh. 7 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 7 - Prob. 11QCh. 7 - Prob. 12QCh. 7 - Prob. 13QCh. 7 - Prob. 14QCh. 7 - Prob. 15QCh. 7 - Prob. 16QCh. 7 - Prob. 17QCh. 7 - Prob. 18QCh. 7 - Prob. 19QCh. 7 - Prob. 20QCh. 7 - Prob. 21QCh. 7 - Prob. 22QCh. 7 - Prob. 23QCh. 7 - Prob. 24QCh. 7 - Prob. 25QCh. 7 - Prob. 26QCh. 7 - Prob. 27QCh. 7 - Prob. 28QCh. 7 - Prob. 29QCh. 7 - Prob. 30QCh. 7 - Prob. 31QCh. 7 - Prob. 32QCh. 7 - Prob. 33QCh. 7 - Prob. 34QCh. 7 - Prob. 35QCh. 7 - Prob. 36QCh. 7 - Prob. 37QCh. 7 - Prob. 38QCh. 7 - Prob. 39QCh. 7 - Prob. 40QCh. 7 - Prob. 41Q
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- Since 1995, hundreds of extrasolar planets have been discovered. There is the exciting possibility that there is life on one or more of these planets. To support life similar to that on the Earth, the planet must have liquid water. For an Earth-like planet orbiting a star like the Sun, this requirement means that the planet must be within a habitable zone of 0.9 AU to 1.4 AU from the star. The semimajor axis of an extrasolar planet is inferred from its period. What range in periods corresponds to the habitable zone for an Earth-like Planet orbiting a Sun-like star?arrow_forwardAssume that when in thermal equilibrium (i.e. the temperature is not changing) Mars absorbs all of the heat it receives from the Sun and then re-radiates it as black body radiation from all parts of its spherical surface. Assuming that Mars' temperature is uniform across all of its surface, calculate the temperature on Mars. The Stefan-Boltzmann constant σ=5.7×10−8 W m−2K−4.To answer this question you need to balance the total energy per second being absorbed by Mars with the total energy per second being radiated by Mars. Key: Flux of radiation from the Sun at Mars' orbital radius is 597 W m-2. The luminosity of the Sun Ls = 3.8×1026 W. Mars orbits at a distance of 2.25×1011 m (1.5 AU) from the Sun. Total amount of radiative energy per second is 2.2 x 1016 W.arrow_forwardThe mass of the sun is 2.0 x 1030 kg, and the mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67 x 10-27 kg. If we assume that the sun is mostly composed of hydrogen, how many atoms are there in the sun?arrow_forward
- What is the vrms of hydrogen on the surface of the sun if its temperature is 5.36E3 degC? What is the vrms of hydrogen on the surface of the earth if its temperature is 21.2 degC?arrow_forwardB2. A spherical star is detected by an astronaut in a spacecraft at a distance z of 1.5×10¹2 kilometers. The star can be regarded as a blackbody with a temperature of 11,300 K. The radius r of the star is 3.5×106 kilometers. (a) Calculate the radiant exitance and the radiant intensity of the star. (b) Calculate the irradiance that can be detected by the astronaut. (c) The photodetector used by the astronaut in the spacecraft has a responsivity of 120 kV/W and an photosensitive area of 0.5 mm². Calculate the output voltage of the detector in the detection of the star. CAMINS +II+ Figure B2arrow_forwardQuestion 2: Planet Mars Planetary Attribute Albedo Radius Gravitational acceleration Mean distance from sun Surface pressure Symbol α R (km) g (m/s²) D (km) Po (kPa) Earth 0.29 6378 9.8 150 x 106 101 Mars 0.25 3395 3.7 228 x 106 0.6 (a) Calculate an appropriate value for shortwave solar radiation (SM) incident at the top of the Martian atmosphere (answer in W/m²). The corresponding value for Earth, SE = 1360 W/m². (b) Estimate the average surface temperature on Mars (answer in degrees Kelvin) using a suitable radiative energy balance. The greenhouse effect can be neglected for Mars. (c) Estimate the mass of the Martian atmosphere (answer in kg).arrow_forward
- What is the vrms of hydrogen on the surface of the sun if its temperature is 5.44E3 degC? What is the vrms of hydrogen on the surface of the earth if its temperature is 21.1 degC?arrow_forwarda) Calculate the escape velocity for hydrogen atoms from the surface (the photosphere) of our Sun. The Sun has a mass of 1.99×1030 kg and a radius of 6.96×108 m. b) If the velocity in (a) were the root-mean-squared of the hydrogen atoms in the Sun, what would the temperature of the photosphere have to be?arrow_forwardV5arrow_forward
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